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Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2, Drought, and Warming on Plants

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Abstract

Adverse climate change attributed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) and increased temperature components of global warming has been a central issue affecting economic and social development. Climate change, particularly global warming, imposes a severe impact on the terrestrial ecosystem. Elevated CO2, drought, and high temperature have been extensively documented individually; however, relatively little is known about how plants respond to the interaction of these factors. To summarize current knowledge on the response of plants to global change factors, we focus on the interactive effects of CO2 enrichment, warming, and drought on plant growth, carbon allocation, and photosynthesis. Stimulation due to elevated CO2 might be suppressed under other negative climatic/environmental stresses such as drought, high temperature, and their combination. However, elevated CO2 could alleviate deleterious effects of moderate drought via reducing stomatal conductance, altering leaf surface, and regulating gene expression. High CO2 levels and rising temperatures may result in opposite responses in plant water use efficiency. Stimulation of plant growth due to elevated CO2 for C3 species occurs regardless of water conditions, but only under a water deficit for C4 species. The positive effect of elevated CO2 on C4 species is derived mainly from the improved water status. Plant adaptive or maladaptive responses to multivariate environments are interactive; thus, researchers need to explore the ecological underpinnings involved in such responses to the multiple factors involved in climate change.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170456), the National Key Basic Research Specific Foundation (2010CB951301), the State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change (2011zyts09), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (P07622). We greatly appreciate the researchers’ help and the reviewers’ constructive comments on the manuscript.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People’s Republic of China

    Zhenzhu Xu, Yuanrun Zheng & Guangsheng Zhou

  2. Asian Environment Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

    Zhenzhu Xu, Hideyuki Shimizu, Yasumi Yagasaki & Shoko Ito

  3. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, 46 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Guangsheng Zhou

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  1. Zhenzhu Xu
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Xu, Z., Shimizu, H., Yagasaki, Y. et al. Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2, Drought, and Warming on Plants. J Plant Growth Regul 32, 692–707 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-013-9337-5

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