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Two-photon absorption cross-section investigation of visible-light photoinitiators under Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond pulse laser at 1064 nm

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Abstract

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) technologies commonly rely on femtosecond lasers such as Ti:sapphire which limits their accessibility due to high costs and complexities. Recently, multiple reports showed TPP under near-infrared irradiation which enables the use of alternative light sources such as Neodymium-doped lasers known to be affordable and efficient for a nanosecond and picosecond pulsed generation. 4,4′-Bis(dimethyl-amino) benzophenone or Michler’s ketone (MK), one of the photoinitiators commonly used for photopolymerization under UV irradiation, also shows an absorption band in the visible region which allows for two-photon polymerization at the fundamental wavelength of Neodymium-doped lasers at 1064 nm. In this report, we investigated the two-photon absorption (TPA) of MK in contrast with Irgacure-784 and Indane-1,3-dione, reported to also be promising photoinitiators for the same TPP process. Among them, MK showed a large TPA cross-section measured via the nonlinear transmission method and Z-scan technique with Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond pulse laser at 1064 nm, demonstrating MK as a promising photoinitiator for the low-cost two-photon polymerization.

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Acknowledgements

This research project is supported by Mahidol University (Basic Research Fund: fiscal year 2021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Material Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Suwat Romphosri, Phyu Sin Oo, Pornpawee Karanyasopon, Rakchart Traiphhol & Tanant Waritanant

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  1. Suwat Romphosri
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  3. Pornpawee Karanyasopon
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Contributions

Suwat Romphosri wrote the main manuscript text and prepared the figures. Phyu Sin Oo wrote a certain small portion of the manuscript. Suwat Romphosri, Pornpawee Karanyasopon, Rakchart Traiphhol, Tanant Waritanant, helped with the ideation and methodology. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tanant Waritanant.

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Romphosri, S., Oo, P.S., Karanyasopon, P. et al. Two-photon absorption cross-section investigation of visible-light photoinitiators under Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond pulse laser at 1064 nm. Appl. Phys. B 128, 164 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07888-7

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