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Ni–Cu–Co ferrite synthesized using the sol–gel method: effects of the Cr3+ ion concentration on its structural, electrical, and dielectric properties

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Abstract

In this paper, we have investigated the structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of Ni0.1Co0.5Cu0.4Fe2-xCrxO4 (x = 0 and 0.3) ferrites. Samples have been prepared by employing the sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction data along with Rietveld refinement were used to assess the phase purity and the structural parameters of samples. The morphology and the grain size of the prepared ferrite nanocrystals were observed with scanning electron microscopy. At room temperature, the Raman spectra displayed active phonon modes. FTIR spectra revealed two principal absorption bands due to the stretching vibration of metal oxygen in tetrahedral and octahedral sites. With increasing of Cr3+ concentration, both Raman and FTIR spectra showed that all modes shifted to higher wavenumbers. The dielectric properties were investigated using impedance complex spectroscopy in the frequency region (100‒106 Hz) at different temperatures. The ac-conductivity for both studied compounds was well analyzed using the augmented Jonscher equation. The plots of both imaginary part of permittivity (ε″) and dielectric loss (tanδ) vs. frequency, exhibit a dielectric dispersion in our compounds at low frequencies. This is described according to the Maxwell–Wagner model in agreement with Koop’s theory. The modulus curve was used to interpret the relaxation behaviors of charge carriers. The Nyquist plots of impedance for both samples have been modeled using the same equivalent circuit which is formed by a three-element R-CPE connected in series.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University under grant No (DSR-2021-03-03144). This work was also supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research with the collaboration of national funds from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., within the project UID/04564/2020. Access to TAIL-UC facility funded under QRENMais Centro Project No. ICT_2009_02_012_1890 is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté Des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia

    M. Horchani, A. Benali & E. Dhahri

  2. Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Campus Agricultural City, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia

    M. Horchani, Aref Omri & M. Seif Eddine

  3. I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    A. Benali, K. Pavani & M. F. P. Graca

  4. Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O.Box:2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

    A. Tozri

  5. Physics Department, CFisUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal

    B. F. O. Costa

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  1. M. Horchani
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Contributions

MH: writing—original draft. AO: conception and design of the study. MSE: data curation and design of the study. AB: data curation and design of the study. AT: writing—review and editing. ED: review and editing. KP: review and editing. BFOC: data curation, visualization, and investigation. MFPG: visualization and investigation.

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Correspondence to Aref Omri or A. Tozri.

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Horchani, M., Omri, A., Eddine, M.S. et al. Ni–Cu–Co ferrite synthesized using the sol–gel method: effects of the Cr3+ ion concentration on its structural, electrical, and dielectric properties. Appl. Phys. A 128, 947 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06053-3

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