Abstract
Two previously uncharacterized Vitis vinifera CONSTANS-like genes (VvCO, VvCOL1), which are predicted to encode proteins with homology to members of the Arabidopis CONSTANS family, were identified. Under controlled conditions, both genes show a diurnal expression pattern with peak at dawn. During grapevine bud development, VvCOL1 is mainly expressed in dormancy, suggesting a participation in the transcriptional photoperiod control of bud dormancy induction and maintenance in this species. On the other hand, VvCO expression in latent buds is in agreement with a function during flowering induction. A spatial and temporal relationship in the expression of VvCO, VFY and VvMADS8 (the Arabidopsis LEAFY and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 orthologues) in latent buds is observed, suggesting that these genes are involved in the seasonal periodicity of flowering in grapevines. Furthermore, our results provide a new molecular insight into tendril development showing that grapevine CO homologues are also expressed in this distinctive organ.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Böhlenius H, Huang T, Charbonnel-Campaa L, Straus S, Broumer A, Jansson S, Nilsson O (2006) CO/FT Regulatory module controls timing of flowering and seasonal growth cessation in trees. Science 312:1040–1043
Buttrose MS (1969) Fruitfulness in grapevines: effects of changes in temperature and light regimes. Bot Gaz 130:173–179
Buttrose MS (1970) Fruitfulness in grapevines: the response of different cultivar to light, temperature and daylenght. Vitis 9:121–125
Calonje M, Cubas P, Martínez-Zapater JM, Carmona MJ (2004) Floral meristem identity genes are expressed during tendril development in grapevine. Plant Physiol 135:1491–1501
Carmona MJ, Cubas P, Martinez-Zapater JM (2002) VFL, the grapevine FLORICAULA/LEAFY ortholog, is expressed in meristematic regions independently of their fate. Plant Physiol 130:68–77
Carmona MJ, Cubas P, Calonje M, Martinez-Zapater JM (2007) Flowering transition in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Can J Bot 85:701–711
Carmona MJ, Chaïb J, Martinez-Zapater JM, Thomas MR (2008) A molecular genetic perspective of reproductive development in grapevine. J Exp Bot 59:2579–2596
Castresana C, Staneloni R, Malik VS, Cashmore AR (1987) Molecular characterization of two clusters of genes encoding the type I cab polypeptides of PSII in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Plant Mol Biol 10:117–126
Chang S, Puryear J, Cairney J (1993) A simple and efficient method for isolating RNA from pine trees. Plant Mol Biol Rep 11:113–116
Cheng XF, Wang ZY (2005) Overexpression of COL9, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, delays the flowering by reducing the expression of CO and FT in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 43:758–768
Datta S, Hettiarachchi GHCM, Xing-Wang D, Holm M (2006) Arabidopsis CONSTANS-LIKE3 is a positive regulator of red light signaling and root growth. Plant Cell 18:70–84
Desveaux D, Despres C, Joyeux A, Subramaniam R, Brisson N (2000) PBF-2 is a novel single-stranded dna binding factor implicated in PR-10a Gene activation in potato. Plant Cell 12:1477–1489
Ding Y-H, Liu N-Y, Tang Z-S, Liu J, Yang W-C (2006) Arabidopsis GLUTAMINE-RICH PROTEIN23 is essential for early embryogenesis and encodes a novel nuclear PPR motif protein that interacts with RNA polymerase II subunit III. Plant Cell 18:815–830
Drobyazina PE, Khavkin EE (2006) A structural homolog of CONSTANS in potato. Russian J Plant Physiol 53:698–701
Fennell A, Hoover E (1991) Photoperiod influences growth, bud dormancy and cold acclimation in Vitis labruscana and V. riparia. J Am Soc Hort Sci 116:270–273
Griffiths S, Dunford RP, Coupland G, Laurie DA (2003) The evolution of CONSTANS-like gene families in barley, rice, and Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 131:1855–1867
Higo K, Ugawa Y, Iwamoto M, Korenaga T (1999) Plant cis-acting regulatory DNAelements (PLACE) database. Nucleic Acids Res 27:297–300
Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg E, Stevens PF (1999) Plant systematics. A phylogenetic approach. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M (2004) MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinformatics 5:150–163
Ledger S, Strayer C, Ashton F, Putterill J (2001) Analysis of the function of two circadian regulated CONSTANS-LIKE genes. Plant J 26:15–22
Lee J, Oh M, Park H, Lee I (2008) SOC1 translocated to the nucleus by interaction with AGL24 directly regulates LEAFY. Plant J 55:832–843
Lescot M, Déhais P, Thijs G, Marchal K, Moreau Y, Van de Peer Y, Rouzé P, Rombauts S (2002) PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 30:325–327
Lindqvist C, Laakkonen L, Albert VA (2007) Polyglutamine variation in a flowering time protein correlates with island age in a Hawaiian plant radiation. BMC Evolutionary Biol 7:105–118
Lloyd D (2006) Ultradian rhythms and clocks in plants and yeast. Biological Rhythm Res 37:281–296
Lloyd D, Murray DB (2007) Redox rhythmicity: clocks at the core of temporal coherence. BioEssays 29:465–473
Martin J, Storgaard M, Andersen C, Nielsen K (2004) Photoperiodic regulation of flowering in perennial ryegrass involving a CONSTANS like homolog. Plant Mol Biol 56:159–169
Mullins MG, Bouquet A, Williams LE (1992) Biology of grapevine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Noriega X, Burgos B, Pérez F (2007) Short day-photoperiod triggers and low temperatures increase expression of peroxidase RNA transcripts and basic peroxidase isoenzyme activity in grapevine buds. Phytochemistry 68:1376–1383
Piechulla B, Merforth N, Rudolph B (1998) Identification of tomato Lhc promoter regions necessary for circadian expression. Plant Mol Biol 38:655–662
Putterill J, Robson F, Lee K, Simon R, Coupland G (1995) The CONSTANS gene of Arabidopsis promotes the flowering and encode a protein showing similarities to zinc finger transcription factors. Cell 80:847–857
Robson F, Costa MM, Hepworth SR, Vizir I, Pineiro M, Reeves PH, Putterill J, Coupland G (2001) Functional importance of conserved domains in the flowering-time gene CONSTANS demonstrated by analysis of mutant alleles and transgenic plants. Plant J 28:619–631
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Schnabel BJ, Wample RL (1987) Dormancy and cold hardiness in Vitis vinifera L. cv. White Riesling as influenced by photoperiod and temperature. Am J Enol Vitic 38:265–272
Searle I, Coupland G (2004) Induction of flowering by seasonal changes in photoperiod. EMBO J 23:1217–1222
Sreekantan L, Thomas MR (2006) VvFT and VvMADS8, the grapevine homologues of the floral integrators FT and SOC1, have unique expression patterns in grapevine and hasten flowering in Arabidopsis. Functional Plant Biol 33:1129–1139
Srinivasan C, Mullins MG (1981) Physiology of flowering in the grapewine: a review. Am J Enol Vitic 32:47–63
Suarez-Lopez P, Wheatley K, Robson F, Onouchi H, Valverde F, Coupland G (2001) CONSTANS mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Nature 40:1116–1120
Turck F, Fornara F, Coupland G (2008) Regulation and Identity of florigen: FLOWERING LOCUS T moves center stage. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:573–594
Vaquero A, Espinas ML, Azorin F, Bernues J (2000) Functional mapping of the GAGA factor assigns its transcriptional activity to the C terminal Glutamine rich domain. J Biol Chem 275:19461–19468
Wake MF, Fennell A (2000) Morphological, physiological and dormancy responses of three Vitis genotypes to short photoperiod. Physiol Plant 109:203–210
Yanovsky M, Kay S (2003) Living by the calendar: How plants known when to flowering. Nature reviews. Mol Cell Biol 4:265–275
Yuccer C, Harkess RL, Land SB, Luthe DS (2002) Structure and developmental regulation of CONSTANS-LIKE genes isolated from Populus. Plant Sci 163:615–625
Zobell O, Coupland G, Reiss B (2005) The family of CONSTANS-like genes in Physcomitrella patens. Plant Biol 7:266–275
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by grants from Consorcio Biofrutales S.A., R.A. and N.C. were supported by a Universidad de Talca doctoral fellowships.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by P. Puigdomenech.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Almada, R., Cabrera, N., Casaretto, J.A. et al. VvCO and VvCOL1, two CONSTANS homologous genes, are regulated during flower induction and dormancy in grapevine buds. Plant Cell Rep 28, 1193–1203 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-009-0720-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-009-0720-4