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Light and shadow on the mechanisms of integration site selection in yeast Ty retrotransposon families

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Abstract

Transposable elements are ubiquitous in genomes. Their successful expansion depends in part on their sites of integration in their host genome. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, evolution has selected various strategies to target the five Ty LTR-retrotransposon families into gene-poor regions in a genome, where coding sequences occupy 70% of the DNA. The integration of Ty1/Ty2/Ty4 and Ty3 occurs upstream and at the transcription start site of the genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III, respectively. Ty5 has completely different integration site preferences, targeting heterochromatin regions. Here, we review the history that led to the identification of the cellular tethering factors that play a major role in anchoring Ty retrotransposons to their preferred sites. We also question the involvement of additional factors in the fine-tuning of the integration site selection, with several studies converging towards an importance of the structure and organization of the chromatin.

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to the many scientists that we may have omitted to mention in this review due to space limitations. The authors thank J. Acker, A. Asif-Laidin, J. Curcio and E. Fabre for the critical reading of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by intramural funding from Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Université of Paris and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and from grants from the Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (PJA 20151203412 and PJA 20191209703), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the generic call project ANR-17-CE11-0025. AB was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the ANR through the initiatives d’excellence (Idex ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02) and the Labex “Who am I?” (ANR11-LABX-0071).

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  1. INSERM U944, CNRS UMR 7212, Genomes and Cell Biology of Disease Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France

    Amandine Bonnet & Pascale Lesage

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  1. Amandine Bonnet
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  2. Pascale Lesage
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Amandine Bonnet and Pascale Lesage, equal contribution.

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Correspondence to Pascale Lesage.

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Communicated by Michael Polymenis.

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Bonnet, A., Lesage, P. Light and shadow on the mechanisms of integration site selection in yeast Ty retrotransposon families. Curr Genet 67, 347–357 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-021-01154-7

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