Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Probing tensile properties of LLDPE stretch films prepared in cast extrusion process

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) cast stretch films were fabricated at broad range of line speeds (200–1000 m/min) to investigate the relationship between tensile properties of films and line speed of cast extrusion process, particularly high line speeds as a matter of scientific and economic interest. In addition, tensile experiments were carried out at low and high drawing speeds as well as in both machine and transverse directions (MD and TD). The results illustrated an enhancement of MD modulus (more than 100%) and strength (about 22%) with increasing the line speed from 200 to 1000 m/min, indicating a more pronounced increase for modulus values. Changing the drawing speed, generally, affected the high strain behavior of films. Nevertheless, at the lower strains, the drawing speed influences particularly the modulus of lower line speed films. It was observed that increasing the line speed in the cast film line has stronger effects on the film elongation behavior than the drawing speed in tensile tests. The tensile properties along TD showed greater deviations from MD tensile behaviors as line speed increased. The variations of tensile properties by line speed were due to chain orientation and extension especially in the amorphous phase. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the LLDPE films were also observed, and it was found that increasing the line speed leads to reduction of surface roughness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Balkova R, Kucera F, Jancar J (2020) Analysis of coextruded polyethylene-based packaging films: number of layers, composition, and mechanical properties. Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03196-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Horodytska O, Valdés FJ, Fullana A (2018) Plastic flexible films waste management–a state of art review. Waste Manag 77:413–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lu J, Sue HJ, Rieker TP (2000) Morphology and mechanical property relationship in linear low-density polyethylene blown films. J Mater Sci 35:5169–5178. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004856404439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mazerolles T, Heuzey MC, Soliman M, Martens H, Kleppinger R, Huneault MA (2020) Development of multilayer barrier films of thermoplastic starch and low-density polyethylene. J Polym Res 27:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-2015-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. P.M. German, C.B. Johnson, M.G. Williams (2016), Polyethylene Stretch Film, US 9,388,306 B2

  6. S.E. Pirtle (2018) High performance cast power stretch films with enhanced application and end-use properties, US 10,047,203 B2

  7. J. Ragsdale (2020) System for management of automated stretch wrapping, US 10,696,436 B2

  8. Small CM, Mcnally GM, Garrett G, Murphy WR (2004) The characteristics of polyethylene film for stretch and cling film applications. Dev Chem Eng Miner Process 12:5–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.5500120102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Small CM, McNally GM, Marks A, Murphy WR (2002) The effect of extrusion processing conditions and polyisobutylene concentration on the properties of polyethylene for stretch and cling film applications. J Plast Film Sheet 18:245–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756087902034639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Degroot JA, Doughty AT, Stewart KB, Patel RM (1994) Effects of cast film fabrication variables on structure development and key stretch film properties. J Appl Polym Sci 52:365–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Barborik T, Zatloukal M (2020) Steady-state modeling of extrusion cast film process, neck-in phenomenon, and related experimental research: a review. Phys Fluids 32:061302. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M.J. Willems, B.A.J. Raven (2018), Thermoplastic compositions suitable for use in films, US 9,951,200 B2

  13. Krishnaswamy RK, Lamborn MJ (2000) Tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blown films. Polym Eng Sci 40:2385–2396. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.11370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Klein, M. Stommel, J. Zimmer 2018, Influence of the stretch wrapping process on the mechanical behavior of a stretch film, in: AIP Conf. Proc., American Institute of Physics Inc. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5034980

  15. D Klein, M Stommel, J Zimmer (2019) Constitutive modeling of the mechanics of polyethylene films in stretch wrapping processes. In AIP Conf Proc American Institute of Physics Inc. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5112661

  16. Dunno KD, Dickerson M, Michael M (2020) Effect of Stretch Wrap Parameters on the Transmissibility of Unitized Loads Excited by Random Vibration, J. Technol. Res, Packag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41783-020-00095-9

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. Park J, Horvath L, White M, Araman P, Bush RJ (2018) The influence of stretch wrap containment force on load bridging in unit loads. Packag Technol Sci 31:701–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Singh J, Cernokus E, Saha K, Roy S (2014) The Effect of stretch wrap prestretch on unitized load containment. Packag Technol Sci 27:944–961. https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Du W, Ren Y, Tang Y, Shi Y, Yao X, Zheng C, Zhang X, Guo M, Zhang S, Liu LZ (2018) Different structure transitions and tensile property of LLDPE film deformed at slow and very fast speeds. Eur Polym J 103:170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Eichelter J, Wilhelm H, Mautner A, Schafler E, Eder A, Bismarck A (2020) High-velocity stretching of polyolefin tapes. Polym Test 81:106228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Agassant JF, Demay Y, Sollogoub C, Silagy D (2005) Cast film extrusion an overview of experimental and theoretical approaches. Int Polym Process Carl Hanser Verlag. https://doi.org/10.3139/217.1874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Krishnaswamy RK, Sukhadia AM (2000) Orientation characteristics of LLDPE blown films and their implications on Elmendorf tear performance. Polymer (Guildf) 41:9205–9217. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00136-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gururajan G, Shan H, Lickfield G, Ogale AA (2008) Real-time wide-angle X-ray diffraction during polyethylene blown film extrusion. Polym Eng Sci 48:1487–1494. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Humbert S, Lame O, Séguéla R, Vigier G (2011) A re-examination of the elastic modulus dependence on crystallinity in semi-crystalline polymers. Polymer (Guildf) 52:4899–4909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.07.060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Xiong B, Lame O, Chenal JM, Rochas C, Seguela R, Vigier G (2015) Amorphous phase modulus and micro-macro scale relationship in polyethylene via in situ SAXS and WAXS. Macromolecules 48:2149–2160. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhou H, Wilkes GL (1998) Orientation-dependent mechanical properties and deformation morphologies for uniaxially melt-extruded high-density polyethylene films having an initial stacked lamellar texture. J Mater Sci 33:287–303. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004351209140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to gratefully thank the SML Maschinengesellschaft mbh in Lenzing, Austria and Mr. Robert Preuner (Head of R & D Department at SML) for their support and also providing the opportunity to use an SML cast film line for manufacturing the LLDPE multilayer stretch films.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kunststofftechnik Paderborn (KTP), Paderborn University, 33098, Paderborn, Germany

    Hoda Bayazian & Volker Schöppner

  2. Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, 75169, Bushehr, Iran

    Ali Yadegari

Authors
  1. Hoda Bayazian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Yadegari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Volker Schöppner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Yadegari.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bayazian, H., Yadegari, A. & Schöppner, V. Probing tensile properties of LLDPE stretch films prepared in cast extrusion process. Polym. Bull. 79, 1873–1886 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03599-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03599-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation