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Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Streptococcus mutans: Current Research on Design, Screening and Efficacy

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Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small-molecule peptides that play a vital role in the nonspecific immune defense system of organisms. They mainly kill microorganisms by physically destroying the cell membrane and causing the leakage of contents. AMPs have attracted much attention as potential alternatives to antibiotics due to their low susceptibility to resistance. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main causative agents of human dental caries. The design, screening, and efficacy evaluation of AMPs targeting S. mutans offer new possibilities for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, especially dental caries, in the future. This article reviews AMPs from different sources that have inhibitory effects on S. mutans, discusses the mechanism of action of AMPs against S. mutans biofilms, and focuses on the research progress of screening methods, design modification, and biological activity evaluation of AMPs. We hope to provide insights and reference value for the development of new biologics.

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Abbreviations

AI :

Artificial intelligence

AMPs :

Antimicrobial peptides

ATP :

Adenosine triphosphate

CAT :

Catalytic domain

CSP :

Competence-stimulating peptide ComC

EPS :

Extracellular polysaccharides

EtBr :

Ethidium bromide

GA :

Gallic acid

GBD :

Glucan-binding domain

Gbps :

Glucan-binding proteins

Gram + :

Gram-positive bacteria

Gram − :

Gram-negative bacteria

GTFs :

Glucosyltransferases

hBD :

Human beta-defensins

HK :

Histidine kinase

HMP :

Human Microbiome Project

HNPs :

Human neutrophil peptides

IC50 :

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

LPS :

Lipopolysaccharide

MBC :

Minimum bactericidal concentration

MIC :

Minimum inhibitory concentration

PAc :

Protein antigen c

PI :

Polyphemusin I

P regions :

Proline-rich repeat regions

QS :

Quorum sensing

rDNA :

Ribosomal DNA

S. mutans :

Streptococcus mutans

Sp :

Phosphorylated serine

TCSTS :

Two-component signal transduction system

TF-κB :

Nuclear transcription factor-κB

TiBP :

Titanium-binding peptide

TNF-α :

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

RR :

Response regulator

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.19ZR1461600 to AL.

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  1. Xinxin Ying, Guanglu Xue, Pengxiang Sun, Ziling Gan, Ziqian Fan and Bo Liu have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200010, China

    Xinxin Ying, Guanglu Xue, Pengxiang Sun, Ziling Gan, Ziqian Fan, Bo Liu, Yaoting Han, Jiaqian Yang, Jing Zhang & Aiping Lu

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Contributions

XY, GX, PS, ZG, ZF and BL drafted the manuscript cooperatively, ZG and AL prepared the figures, AL revised the manuscript, and YH, JY and JZ provided practical experience and suggestions for the biological application of AMPs. All the authors have read, commented on and approved the final manuscript.

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Ying, X., Xue, G., Sun, P. et al. Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Streptococcus mutans: Current Research on Design, Screening and Efficacy. Curr Microbiol 81, 18 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03540-5

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