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Insights into Superinfection Immunity Regulation of Xanthomonas axonopodis Filamentous Bacteriophage cf

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Abstract

Filamentous bacteriophage cf infects Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, a serious plant pathogen which causes citrus canker. To understand the immunity regulation of bacteria infected with bacteriophage cf, we applied DNA shuffling to mutate the cf intergenic region. One of the immunity mutants, cf-m3 (NCBI Taxonomy ID: 3050368) expressed a 106–109 fold greater superinfection ability compared with wild type cf. Nine mutations were identified on the cf-m3 phage, four of which were located within the coding region of an open reading frame (ORF165) for a hypothetical repressor, PT, and five located upstream of the PT coding region. A set of phages with mutations to the predicted PT protein or the upstream coding region were generated. All showed similarly low superinfection efficiency to wild type cf and no superinfection ability on cf lysogens. The results indicate that rather than superinfection inhibition, the PT protein and the un-transcribed cis element function individually as positive regulators of cf superinfection immunity. Greater superinfection ability depends on the simultaneous presence of both elements. This work yields further insight into the possible control of citrus canker disease through phages that overcome host superinfection immunity.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Pelle Stolt for critical reading and editing of the manuscript and Miss Shan-Hus Lin for helpful assistance. Without their care and consideration, this work would not have been possible.

Funding

This work was financially supported by Chi-Tzu University (TCIRP98005-03).

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  1. Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chia-Chin Yang

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu-Chi University, 701 Chung Yang Road Section 3, Hualien, 970, Taiwan

    Zih-Yun Wang & Ching-Ming Cheng

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CMC designed the study. CCY and ZYW performed the experiments. All authors were involved in the analysis. CMC wrote the main manuscript text.

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Yang, CC., Wang, ZY. & Cheng, CM. Insights into Superinfection Immunity Regulation of Xanthomonas axonopodis Filamentous Bacteriophage cf. Curr Microbiol 81, 42 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03539-y

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