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Recent progress in chimeric antigen receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia

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Abstract

Although CAR-T cell therapy has been particularly successful as a treatment for B cell malignancies, effectively treating acute myeloid leukemia with CAR remains a greater challenge. Multiple preclinical studies and clinical trials are underway, including on AML-related surface markers that CAR-T cells can target, such as CD123, CD33, NKG2D, CLL1, CD7, FLT3, Lewis Y and CD70, all of which provide opportunities for developing CAR-T therapies with improved specificity and efficacy. We also explored specific strategies for CAR-T cell treatment of AML, including immune checkpoints, suicide genes, dual targeting, genomic tools and the potential for universal CAR. In addition, CAR-T cell therapy for AML still has certain risks and challenges, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and haematotoxicity. Despite these challenges, as a new targeting method for AML treatment, CAR-T cell therapy still has great prospects. Ongoing research aims to further optimize this treatment mode.

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Funding

This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81970138, 82270165), National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2502703), Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. BK20221235), Translational Research Grant of NCRCH (Grant No. 2020ZKMB05), Jiangsu Province “333” Project, Social Development Project of the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu (Grant No. BE2021649).

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  1. Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, 223002, China

    Xiangyu Wang & Yanming Zhang

  2. National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China

    Shengli Xue

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The review article was collaboratively conceptualized and designed by all three authors, W. X., Z. Y., and X. S. The overall framework of the paper was envisioned and designed by W. X., Z. Y., and X. S. W. X. conducted the literature search and collection. Z. Y., and X. S. provided expert theoretical support. The manuscript was written by W. X.

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Correspondence to Yanming Zhang or Shengli Xue.

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Wang, X., Zhang, Y. & Xue, S. Recent progress in chimeric antigen receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 103, 1843–1857 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-023-05601-y

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