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Second primary malignancies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: epidemiology and risk factors

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Abstract

With the advancements in therapeutics for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the long-term survival of patients with NHL has markedly increased. Second primary malignancies (SPMs) have become an increasingly relevant long-term concern for NHL survivors. The etiology of SPMs is multifactorial and involves multiple steps. Germline alterations, immune dysregulation, and clonal hematopoiesis contribute to the accumulation of intrinsic adverse factors, and external factors such as lifestyle; exposure to infectious factors; and late effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, high-dose therapy, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation further increase SPM risk. Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are a devastating complication of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. However, as targeted therapies begin to replace cytotoxic chemotherapy, the incidence of t-MNs is likely to decline, particularly for indolent B-cell NHL.

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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Agency of Jilin Province (20200201591JC).

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  1. Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China

    Zhumei Zhan, Wei Guo, Xin Wan & Ou Bai

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  1. Zhumei Zhan
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Ou Bai conceived the idea for the review. Xin Wan searched the literature. Zhumei Zhan wrote the manuscript. Wei Guo generated the figure. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ou Bai.

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Zhan, Z., Guo, W., Wan, X. et al. Second primary malignancies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: epidemiology and risk factors. Ann Hematol 102, 249–259 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-023-05095-8

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