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In Vivo and In Vitro Fibroblasts' Behavior and Capsular Formation in Correlation with Smooth and Textured Silicone Surfaces

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  • Breast Surgery
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Abstract

Background

As the most principal complication following breast augmentation with silicone breast implants, capsular contracture is greatly influenced by surface texture. However, there have long been widespread debates on the function of smooth or textured surface implants in reducing capsular contracture.

Materials and Methods

Three commercially available silicone breast implants with smooth and textured surfaces were subjected to surface characterization, and in vitro and in vivo assessments were then implemented to investigate the effect of these different surfaces on the biological behaviors of fibroblasts and capsular formation in rat models.

Results

Surface characterization demonstrated that all three samples were hydrophobic with distinct roughness values. Comparing the interactions of fibroblasts or tissues with different surfaces, we observed that as surface roughness increased, the adhesion and cell spreading of fibroblasts, the level of echogenicity, the density of collagen and α-SMA-positive immunoreactivity decreased, while the proliferation of fibroblasts and capsule thickness increased.

Conclusions

Our findings elucidated that the effect of silicone implant surface texture on fibroblasts’ behaviors and capsular formation was associated with variations in surface roughness, and the number of myofibroblasts may have a more significant influence on the process of contracture than capsule thickness in the early stage of capsular formation. These results highlight that targeting myofibroblasts may be wielded in the prevention and treatment strategies of capsular contracture clinically.

Level of Evidence V

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Funding

This research was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 81873940).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing, 400037, People’s Republic of China

    Shu-qing Huang, Yao Chen, Yi-ming Zhang, Ze-yuan Lei, Xin Zhou & Dong-li Fan

  2. Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Qiong Zhu

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  1. Shu-qing Huang
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Correspondence to Xin Zhou or Dong-li Fan.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Human and Animal Rights

The animal experimental protocols utilized in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Army Military Medical University, China. This study was carried out in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals [51].

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Huang, Sq., Chen, Y., Zhu, Q. et al. In Vivo and In Vitro Fibroblasts' Behavior and Capsular Formation in Correlation with Smooth and Textured Silicone Surfaces. Aesth Plast Surg 46, 1164–1177 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-02769-y

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