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RETRACTED ARTICLE: New and Detailed Classification of Saddle Nose Deformities: Step-by-Step Surgical Approach Using the Current Techniques for Each Group

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This article was retracted on 02 July 2009

Abstract

Background

Currently, saddle nose deformity is one of the most challenging deformities in all of rhinoplasty surgery. Recent advances in aesthetic reconstructive surgical techniques warrant discussion of this subject.

Methods

A review of saddle nose cases from January 2003 to February 2007 showed that the existence of an important subgroup exists, designated as septal saddle nose deformity. The pathophysiology was weakening or loss of septal support, bone, or both, but not the classic dorsal overresection. A prospective study of 33 consecutive cases was completed, with emphasis on analysis, classification, and treatment.

Results

Prior attempts at classification have emphasized cause. The author’s study indicated that the majority of cases had multiple causes, the most common being trauma followed by septorhinoplasty (immediately or later), as opposed to simple fracture reduction. In addition, 23 of 33 cases were true secondary saddle nose deformities. Classification was divided into types. Different methods of composite reconstruction were devised according to each case and grade, which allows construction of a deep structural foundation layer that then is superimposed with an aesthetic layer.

Conclusions

Septal saddle nose still is an important entity that must be recognized and treated, especially when it is progressive. Composite reconstruction offers a unique solution to saddle nose deformity because it is a flexible method of restoring structural support and aesthetic contour.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Numune State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ilteris Murat Emsen

Authors
  1. Ilteris Murat Emsen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilteris Murat Emsen.

Additional information

This article was retracted by the Editor-in-Chief as portions of it were originally published by R. Daniel, Rhinoplasty: Septal Saddle Nose Deformity and Composite Reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Volume 119, Number 3, March 2007, pp. 1029–1043.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-009-9392-2

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Emsen, I.M. RETRACTED ARTICLE: New and Detailed Classification of Saddle Nose Deformities: Step-by-Step Surgical Approach Using the Current Techniques for Each Group. Aesth Plast Surg 32, 274–285 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-007-9033-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-007-9033-6

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