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Do male plumage and song characteristics influence female off-territory forays and paternity in the hooded warbler?

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Abstract

Extra-pair fertilizations are common in many socially monogamous species, and paternity studies have indicated that females may use male vocal performance and plumage ornaments as cues to assess male quality. Female off-territory forays may represent a key component of female choice and male extra-pair mating success, and female foray behaviour is expected to be strongly influenced by indictors of male quality. In this study, we examined how male song and ornamentation affect how often females left their territories, which males they visited and extra-pair paternity in a socially monogamous passerine, the hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina). We radiotracked 17 females during the fertile period and quantified male vocal performance (song output and rate) and plumage characteristics (size of the black melanin hood and colour of the black hood, yellow cheeks and breast areas). We obtained blood samples and determined paternity at 35 nests including those of 14 females that we radiotracked. Eleven (65%) of the 17 females forayed off-territory, whilst fertile and female foray rate was positively correlated with the number of extra-pair young in the nest. Females that left their territories more frequently were paired with males that sang at a low rate. In addition, extra-pair mates had higher song rates than the social mates they cuckolded (5.3 songs/min vs. 4.4 songs/min). Female off-territory forays or extra-pair paternity were not significantly related to male plumage characteristics. Our results indicate that a high song rate influences both the foray behaviour of a male’s social mate and the likelihood that he will sire extra-pair offspring with neighbouring females.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank Stefanie LaZerte and Elizabeth Gow for their enthusiastic help in the field as well as Bonnie Woolfenden for much help with the genetic analysis. This research was supported by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) scholarship and York University Faculty of Graduate Studies grants to IC as well as NSERC grants to BJMS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3

    Ioana Chiver & Bridget J. M. Stutchbury

  2. Hemlock Hill Field Station, 22318 Teepleville Flats Road, Cambridge Springs, PA, 16403, USA

    Eugene S. Morton

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  1. Ioana Chiver
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  2. Bridget J. M. Stutchbury
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Correspondence to Ioana Chiver.

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Communicated by J. Podos

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Chiver, I., Stutchbury, B.J.M. & Morton, E.S. Do male plumage and song characteristics influence female off-territory forays and paternity in the hooded warbler?. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62, 1981–1990 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0629-x

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