Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Human NK cells in acute myeloid leukaemia patients: analysis of NK cell-activating receptors and their ligands

  • Focussed Research Review
  • Published:
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cell activation is strictly regulated to ensure that healthy cells are preserved, but tumour-transformed or virus-infected cells are recognized and eliminated. To carry out this selective killing, NK cells have an ample repertoire of receptors on their surface. Signalling by inhibitory and activating receptors by interaction with their ligands will determine whether the NK cell becomes activated and kills the target cell. Here, we show reduced expression of NKp46, NKp30, DNAM-1, CD244 and CD94/NKG2C activating receptors on NK cells from acute myeloid leukaemia patients. This reduction may be induced by chronic exposure to their ligands on leukaemic blasts. The analysis of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors showed that leukaemic blasts from the majority of patients express ligands for NK cell-activating receptors. DNAM-1 ligands are frequently expressed on blasts, whereas the expression of the NKG2D ligand MICA/B is found in half of the patients and CD48, a ligand for CD244, in only one-fourth of the patients. The decreased expression of NK cell-activating receptors and/or the heterogeneous expression of ligands for major receptors on leukaemic blasts can lead to an inadequate tumour immunosurveillance by NK cells. A better knowledge of the activating receptor repertoire on NK cells and their putative ligands on blasts together with the possibility to modulate their expression will open new possibilities for the use of NK cells in immunotherapy against leukaemia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anfossi N, Andre P, Guia S, Falk CS, Roetynck S, Stewart CA, Breso V, Frassati C, Reviron D, Middleton D, Romagne F, Ugolini S, Vivier E (2006) Human NK cell education by inhibitory receptors for MHC class I. Immunity 25:331–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bjorkstrom NK, Ljunggren HG, Sandberg JK (2010) CD56 negative NK cells: origin, function, and role in chronic viral disease. Trends Immunol 31:401–406

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Boles KS, Stepp SE, Bennett M, Kumar V, Mathew PA (2001) 2B4 (CD244) and CS1: novel members of the CD2 subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily molecules expressed on natural killer cells and other leukocytes. Immunol Rev 181:234–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Borrego F, Masilamani M, Marusina AI, Tang X, Coligan JE (2006) The CD94/NKG2 family of receptors: from molecules and cells to clinical relevance. Immunol Res 35:263–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bottino C, Castriconi R, Pende D, Rivera P, Nanni M, Carnemolla B, Cantoni C, Grassi J, Marcenaro S, Reymond N, Vitale M, Moretta L, Lopez M, Moretta A (2003) Identification of PVR (CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112) as cell surface ligands for the human DNAM-1 (CD226) activating molecule. J Exp Med 198:557–567

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brandt CS, Baratin M, Yi EC, Kennedy J, Gao Z, Fox B, Haldeman B, Ostrander CD, Kaifu T, Chabannon C, Moretta A, West R, Xu W, Vivier E, Levin SD (2009) The B7 family member B7–H6 is a tumor cell ligand for the activating natural killer cell receptor NKp30 in humans. J Exp Med 206:1495–1503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Braun M, Muller B, Ter MD, Raffegerst S, Simm B, Wilde S, Spranger S, Ellwart J, Mosetter B, Umansky L, Lerchl T, Schendel DJ, Falk CS (2010) The CD6 scavenger receptor is differentially expressed on a CD56 natural killer cell subpopulation and contributes to natural killer-derived cytokine and chemokine secretion. J Innate Immun E-pub ahead of print

  8. Bryceson YT, Long EO (2008) Line of attack: NK cell specificity and integration of signals. Curr Opin Immunol 20:344–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Burgess SJ, Maasho K, Masilamani M, Narayanan S, Borrego F, Coligan JE (2008) The NKG2D receptor: immunobiology and clinical implications. Immunol Res 40:18–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Campbell KS, Purdy AK (2011) Structure/function of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: lessons from polymorphisms, evolution, crystal structures and mutations. Immunology 132:315–325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Carlsten M, Baumann BC, Simonsson M, Jadersten M, Forsblom AM, Hammarstedt C, Bryceson YT, Ljunggren HG, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Malmberg KJ (2010) Reduced DNAM-1 expression on bone marrow NK cells associated with impaired killing of CD34+ blasts in myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 24:1607–1616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Carlsten M, Norell H, Bryceson YT, Poschke I, Schedvins K, Ljunggren HG, Kiessling R, Malmberg KJ (2009) Primary human tumor cells expressing CD155 impair tumor targeting by down-regulating DNAM-1 on NK cells. J Immunol 183:4921–4930

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Casado JG, Pawelec G, Morgado S, Sanchez-Correa B, Delgado E, Gayoso I, Duran E, Solana R, Tarazona R (2009) Expression of adhesion molecules and ligands for activating and costimulatory receptors involved in cell-mediated cytotoxicity in a large panel of human melanoma cell lines. Cancer Immunol Immunother 58:1517–1526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Champsaur M, Lanier LL (2010) Effect of NKG2D ligand expression on host immune responses. Immunol Rev 235:267–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chan A, Hong DL, Atzberger A, Kollnberger S, Filer AD, Buckley CD, McMichael A, Enver T, Bowness P (2007) CD56bright human NK cells differentiate into CD56dim cells: role of contact with peripheral fibroblasts. J Immunol 179:89–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Costello RT, Sivori S, Marcenaro E, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Mozziconacci MJ, Reviron D, Gastaut JA, Pende D, Olive D, Moretta A (2002) Defective expression and function of natural killer cell-triggering receptors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 99:3661–3667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Derhovanessian E, Solana R, Larbi A, Pawelec G (2008) Immunity, ageing and cancer. Immun Ageing 5:11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Diermayr S, Himmelreich H, Durovic B, Mathys-Schneeberger A, Siegler U, Langenkamp U, Hofsteenge J, Gratwohl A, Tichelli A, Paluszewska M, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Kalberer CP, Wodnar-Filipowicz A (2008) NKG2D ligand expression in AML increases in response to HDAC inhibitor valproic acid and contributes to allorecognition by NK-cell lines with single KIR-HLA class I specificities. Blood 111:1428–1436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Eagle RA, Trowsdale J (2007) Promiscuity and the single receptor: NKG2D. Nat Rev Immunol 7:737–744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. El-Sherbiny YM, Meade JL, Holmes TD, McGonagle D, Mackie SL, Morgan AW, Cook G, Feyler S, Richards SJ, Davies FE, Morgan GJ, Cook GP (2007) The requirement for DNAM-1, NKG2D, and NKp46 in the natural killer cell-mediated killing of myeloma cells. Cancer Res 67:8444–8449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Elishmereni M, Levi-Schaffer F (2011) CD48: a co-stimulatory receptor of immunity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:25–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Epling-Burnette PK, Bai F, Painter JS, Rollison DE, Salih HR, Krusch M, Zou J, Ku E, Zhong B, Boulware D, Moscinski L, Wei S, Djeu JY, List AF (2007) Reduced natural killer (NK) function associated with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and reduced expression of activating NK receptors. Blood 109:4816–4824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Farag SS, Caligiuri MA (2006) Human natural killer cell development and biology. Blood Rev 20:123–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fauriat C, Just-Landi S, Mallet F, Arnoulet C, Sainty D, Olive D, Costello RT (2007) Deficient expression of NCR in NK cells from acute myeloid leukemia: Evolution during leukemia treatment and impact of leukemia cells in NCRdull phenotype induction. Blood 109:323–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gayoso I, Sanchez-Correa B, Campos C, Alonso C, Pera A, Casado JG, Morgado S, Tarazona R, Solana R (2011) Immunosenescence of human natural killer cells. J Innate Immun E-pub ahead of print

  26. Gilfillan S, Chan CJ, Cella M, Haynes NM, Rapaport AS, Boles KS, Andrews DM, Smyth MJ, Colonna M (2008) DNAM-1 promotes activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells and tumors. J Exp Med 205:2965–2973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Groh V, Wu J, Yee C, Spies T (2002) Tumour-derived soluble MIC ligands impair expression of NKG2D and T-cell activation. Nature 419:734–738

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hecht ML, Rosental B, Horlacher T, Hershkovitz O, De Paz JL, Noti C, Schauer S, Porgador A, Seeberger PH (2009) Natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 bind to different heparan sulfate/heparin sequences. J Proteome Res 8:712–720

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Held W, Kijima M, Angelov GS, Bessoles S (2011) The function of natural killer cells: education, reminders and some good memories. Curr Opin Immunol 23:228–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jabbour EJ, Estey E, Kantarjian HM (2006) Adult acute myeloid leukemia. Mayo Clin Proc 81:247–260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kalinski P, Mailliard RB, Giermasz A, Zeh HJ, Basse P, Bartlett DL, Kirkwood JM, Lotze MT, Herberman RB (2005) Natural killer-dendritic cell cross-talk in cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 5:1303–1315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim S, Poursine-Laurent J, Truscott SM, Lybarger L, Song YJ, Yang L, French AR, Sunwoo JB, Lemieux S, Hansen TH, Yokoyama WM (2005) Licensing of natural killer cells by host major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Nature 436:709–713

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lakshmikanth T, Burke S, Ali TH, Kimpfler S, Ursini F, Ruggeri L, Capanni M, Umansky V, Paschen A, Sucker A, Pende D, Groh V, Biassoni R, Hoglund P, Kato M, Shibuya K, Schadendorf D, Anichini A, Ferrone S, Velardi A, Karre K, Shibuya A, Carbone E, Colucci F (2009) NCRs and DNAM-1 mediate NK cell recognition and lysis of human and mouse melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest 119:1251–1263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ljunggren HG, Karre K (1990) In search of the ‘missing self: MHC molecules and NK cell recognition. Immunol Today 11:237–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Malmberg KJ, Bryceson YT, Carlsten M, Andersson S, Bjorklund A, Bjorkstrom NK, Baumann BC, Fauriat C, Alici E, Dilber MS, Ljunggren HG (2008) NK cell-mediated targeting of human cancer and possibilities for new means of immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 57:1541–1552

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mathew SO, Rao KK, Kim JR, Bambard ND, Mathew PA (2009) Functional role of human NK cell receptor 2B4 (CD244) isoforms. Eur J Immunol 39:1632–1641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mavilio D, Lombardo G, Benjamin J, Kim D, Follman D, Marcenaro E, O’Shea MA, Kinter A, Kovacs C, Moretta A, Fauci AS (2005) Characterization of CD56−/CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells: a highly dysfunctional NK subset expanded in HIV-infected viremic individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:2886–2891

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. McGilvray RW, Eagle RA, Watson NF, Al-Attar A, Ball G, Jafferji I, Trowsdale J, Durrant LG (2009) NKG2D ligand expression in human colorectal cancer reveals associations with prognosis and evidence for immunoediting. Clin Cancer Res 15:6993–7002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. McNerney ME, Lee KM, Kumar V (2005) 2B4 (CD244) is a non-MHC binding receptor with multiple functions on natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells. Mol Immunol 42:489–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Mendez R, Aptsiauri N, Del CA, Maleno I, Cabrera T, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F, Garcia-Lora A (2009) HLA and melanoma: multiple alterations in HLA class I and II expression in human melanoma cell lines from ESTDAB cell bank. Cancer Immunol Immunother 58:1507–1515

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Morgado S, Sanchez-Correa B, Casado JG, Duran E, Gayoso I, Labella F, Solana R, Tarazona R (2011) NK cell recognition and killing of melanoma cells is controlled by multiple activating receptor-ligand interactions. J Innate Immun E-pub ahead of print

  42. Naumova E, Mihaylova A, Ivanova M, Mihailova S (2007) Impact of KIR/HLA ligand combinations on immune responses in malignant melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 56:95–100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Nguyen S, Beziat V, Roos-Weil D, Vieillard V (2011) Role of natural killer cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: myth or reality? J Innate Immun E-pub ahead of print

  44. Nowbakht P, Ionescu MC, Rohner A, Kalberer CP, Rossy E, Mori L, Cosman D, De LG, Wodnar-Filipowicz A (2005) Ligands for natural killer cell-activating receptors are expressed upon the maturation of normal myelomonocytic cells but at low levels in acute myeloid leukemias. Blood 105:3615–3622

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ofori-Acquah SF, King JA (2008) Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a new paradox in cancer. Transl Res 151:122–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Orr MT, Lanier LL (2010) Natural killer cell education and tolerance. Cell 142:847–856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Pawelec G, Solana R (2008) Are cancer and ageing different sides of the same coin? Conference on Cancer and Ageing. EMBO Rep 9:234–238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pende D, Bottino C, Castriconi R, Cantoni C, Marcenaro S, Rivera P, Spaggiari GM, Dondero A, Carnemolla B, Reymond N, Mingari MC, Lopez M, Moretta L, Moretta A (2005) PVR (CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112) as ligands of the human DNAM-1 (CD226) activating receptor: involvement in tumor cell lysis. Mol Immunol 42:463–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Pende D, Cantoni C, Rivera P, Vitale M, Castriconi R, Marcenaro S, Nanni M, Biassoni R, Bottino C, Moretta A, Moretta L (2001) Role of NKG2D in tumor cell lysis mediated by human NK cells: cooperation with natural cytotoxicity receptors and capability of recognizing tumors of nonepithelial origin. Eur J Immunol 31:1076–1086

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pende D, Spaggiari GM, Marcenaro S, Martini S, Rivera P, Capobianco A, Falco M, Lanino E, Pierri I, Zambello R, Bacigalupo A, Mingari MC, Moretta A, Moretta L (2005) Analysis of the receptor-ligand interactions in the natural killer-mediated lysis of freshly isolated myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemias: evidence for the involvement of the Poliovirus receptor (CD155) and Nectin-2 (CD112). Blood 105:2066–2073

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Peralbo E, DelaRosa O, Gayoso I, Pita ML, Tarazona R, Solana R (2006) Decreased frequency and proliferative response of invariant Valpha24Vbeta11 natural killer T (iNKT) cells in healthy elderly. Biogerontology 7:483–492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. von Pogge SE, Simhadri VR, von Tresckow B, Sasse S, Reiners KS, Hansen HP, Rothe A, Boll B, Simhadri VL, Borchmann P, McKinnon PJ, Hallek M, Engert A (2007) Human leukocyte antigen-B-associated transcript 3 is released from tumor cells and engages the NKp30 receptor on natural killer cells. Immunity 27:965–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Ruggeri L, Capanni M, Urbani E, Perruccio K, Shlomchik WD, Tosti A, Posati S, Rogaia D, Frassoni F, Aversa F, Martelli MF, Velardi A (2002) Effectiveness of donor natural killer cell alloreactivity in mismatched hematopoietic transplants. Science 295:2097–2100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Salih HR, Antropius H, Gieseke F, Lutz SZ, Kanz L, Rammensee HG, Steinle A (2003) Functional expression and release of ligands for the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D in leukemia. Blood 102:1389–1396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Salih HR, Holdenrieder S, Steinle A (2008) Soluble NKG2D ligands: prevalence, release, and functional impact. Front Biosci 13:3448–3456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Sanchez CJ, Le TT, Boehrer A, Knoblauch B, Imbert J, Olive D, Costello RT (2011) Natural killer cells and malignant haemopathies: a model for the interaction of cancer with innate immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 60:1–13

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sanchez-Correa B, Gayoso I, Bergua JM, Casado JG, Morgado S, Solana R, Tarazona R (2011) Decreased expression of DNAM-1 on NK cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients. Immunol Cell Biol E-pub ahead of print

  58. Sivori S, Parolini S, Falco M, Marcenaro E, Biassoni R, Bottino C, Moretta L, Moretta A (2000) 2B4 functions as a co-receptor in human NK cell activation. Eur J Immunol 30:787–793

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Solana R, Casado JG, Delgado E, DelaRosa O, Marin J, Duran E, Pawelec G, Tarazona R (2007) Lymphocyte activation in response to melanoma: interaction of NK-associated receptors and their ligands. Cancer Immunol Immunother 56:101–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Solana R, Pawelec G, Tarazona R (2006) Aging and innate immunity. Immunity 24:491–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Sun JC, Beilke JN, Lanier LL (2009) Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells. Nature 457:557–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Szczepanski MJ, Szajnik M, Welsh A, Foon KA, Whiteside TL, Boyiadzis M (2010) Interleukin-15 enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia by upregulating the activating NK cell receptors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 59:73–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Tahara-Hanaoka S, Shibuya K, Kai H, Miyamoto A, Morikawa Y, Ohkochi N, Honda S, Shibuya A (2006) Tumor rejection by the poliovirus receptor family ligands of the DNAM-1 (CD226) receptor. Blood 107:1491–1496

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Tarazona R, Casado JG, DelaRosa O, Torre-Cisneros J, Villanueva JL, Sanchez B, Galiani MD, Gonzalez R, Solana R, Pena J (2002) Selective depletion of CD56(dim) NK cell subsets and maintenance of CD56(bright) NK cells in treatment-naive HIV-1-seropositive individuals. J Clin Immunol 22:176–183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Tripathy SK, Keyel PA, Yang L, Pingel JT, Cheng TP, Schneeberger A, Yokoyama WM (2008) Continuous engagement of a self-specific activation receptor induces NK cell tolerance. J Exp Med 205:1829–1841

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Vaidya SV, Mathew PA (2006) Of mice and men: different functions of the murine and human 2B4 (CD244) receptor on NK cells. Immunol Lett 105:180–184

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Velardi A, Ruggeri L, Moretta A, Moretta L (2002) NK cells: a lesson from mismatched hematopoietic transplantation. Trends Immunol 23:438–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Verheyden S, Bernier M, Demanet C (2004) Identification of natural killer cell receptor phenotypes associated with leukemia. Leukemia 18:2002–2007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Verheyden S, Demanet C (2006) Susceptibility to myeloid and lymphoid leukemia is mediated by distinct inhibitory KIR-HLA ligand interactions. Leukemia 20:1437–1438

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Verheyden S, Demanet C (2008) NK cell receptors and their ligands in leukemia. Leukemia 22:249–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Verheyden S, Ferrone S, Mulder A, Claas FH, Schots R, De Moerloose B, Benoit Y, Demanet C (2009) Role of the inhibitory KIR ligand HLA-Bw4 and HLA-C expression levels in the recognition of leukemic cells by natural Killer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 58:855–865

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Verneris MR, Miller JS (2009) The phenotypic and functional characteristics of umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood natural killer cells. Br J Haematol 147:185–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Vivier E, Nunes JA, Vely F (2004) Natural killer cell signaling pathways. Science 306:1517–1519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Vivier E, Raulet DH, Moretta A, Caligiuri MA, Zitvogel L, Lanier LL, Yokoyama WM, Ugolini S (2011) Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells. Science 331:44–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Waldhauer I, Steinle A (2008) NK cells and cancer immunosurveillance. Oncogene 27:5932–5943

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Wehner R, Dietze K, Bachmann M, Schmitz M (2011) The bidirectional crosstalk between human dendritic cells and natural killer cells. J Innate Immun E-pub ahead of print

Download references

Acknowledgments

We apologize to our colleagues whose work was not cited due to space limitations. This work was supported by grants SAF2006-03687 and SAF2009-09711 (to RT) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, FIS PI061320 and PS09/00723 (to R.S.) from Spanish Ministry of Health, PRI09A029 and grants to INPATT research group from Junta de Extremadura (GRU08077, GRU09156 and GRU10104) and from University of Extremadura, cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). BSC is a postdoctoral fellow supported by grant ACCIII/22 from University of Extremadura Spain, and SM is a predoctoral fellow supported by grant PRE07047 from Junta de Extremadura. We thank J.J. Gordillo and M.R. Gonzalez and for their technical assistance in cell culture and flow cytometry.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain

    Beatriz Sanchez-Correa, Sara Morgado, Javier G. Casado & Raquel Tarazona

  2. Immunology Unit, Instituto Maimonides para la Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC)-University of Cordoba-Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain

    Inmaculada Gayoso & Rafael Solana

  3. Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain

    Juan M. Bergua, Maria Jose Arcos & Maria Luisa Bengochea

  4. Histology and Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain

    Esther Duran

Authors
  1. Beatriz Sanchez-Correa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Morgado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Inmaculada Gayoso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juan M. Bergua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Javier G. Casado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Maria Jose Arcos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  7. Maria Luisa Bengochea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  8. Esther Duran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  9. Rafael Solana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  10. Raquel Tarazona
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raquel Tarazona.

Additional information

Beatriz Sanchez-Correa and Sara Morgado contributed equally to the manuscript.

This paper is a Focussed Research Review based on a presentation given at the Tenth International Conference on Progress in Vaccination against Cancer (PIVAC 10), held in St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge, UK, 27th–30th September 2010. It is part of a CII series of Focussed Research Reviews and meeting report.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sanchez-Correa, B., Morgado, S., Gayoso, I. et al. Human NK cells in acute myeloid leukaemia patients: analysis of NK cell-activating receptors and their ligands. Cancer Immunol Immunother 60, 1195–1205 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-011-1050-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-011-1050-2

Keywords

Profiles

  1. Rafael Solana View author profile