Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Cryptococcal pyarthrosis and sarcoidosis

  • Case Report
  • Published:
Skeletal Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is an infrequent cause of septic arthritis. Cryptococcal infections have been linked to sarcoidosis because of both inherent immunologic consequences of the disease and its typical immune modulating treatments. Cryptococcal infections should be suspected in patients with underlying immune deficiencies, and a high degree of vigilance should be exercised to avoid misdiagnosis, dissemination of infection, and meningitis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Busse O. Über parasitare Zelleinschlusse und ihre Zuchtung. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1894; 16: 175–180.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chuck SL, Sande MA. Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321(12): 794–799.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Duncan RA, von Reyn CF, Alliegro GM, Toossi Z, Sugar AM, Levitz SM. Idiopathic CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia–four patients with opportunistic infections and no evidence of HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328(6): 393–398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ross JJ, Katz JD. Cryptococcal meningitis and sarcoidosis. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002; 34(12): 937–939.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu PY. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis: case report and review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998; 30(1): 33–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nottebart HC, McGehee RF, Utz JP. Cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis: case report of two patients. Sabouraudia. 1974; 12(2): 127–132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Stead KJ, Klugman KP, Painter ML, Koornhof HJ. Septic arthritis due to Cryptococcus neoformans. J Infect. 1988; 17(2): 139–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. McDonough EB Jr, Krishnamurthy AB. Cryptococcal arthritis of the knee in an immunocompetent host. Am J Orthop. 2005; 34(3): 127–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Agrawal A, Brown WS, McKenzie S. Cryptococcal arthritis in an immunocompetent host. J S C Med Assoc. 2000; 96(7): 297–299.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Leopold SS. Pulmonary moniliasis and cryptococcal osteomyelitis in the same patient. Med Clin North Am. 1953; 1: 1737–1746.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rippon JW. Medical mycology: the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gosling HR, Gilmer WS Jr. Skeletal cryptococcosis (torulosis); report of a case and review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956; 38-A(3): 660–668.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Utz JP, Tynes BS, Shadomy HJ, Duma RJ, Kannan MM, Mason KN. 5-Fluorocytosine in human cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Bethesda). 1968; 8: 344–346.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Levinson DJ, Silcox DC, Rippon JW, Thomsen S. Septic arthritis due to nonencapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans with coexisting sarcoidosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1974; 17(6): 1037–1047.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chand K, Lall KS. Cryptococcosis (torulosis, European blastomycosis) of the knee joint. A case report with review of the literature. Acta Orthop Scand. 1976; 47(4): 432–435.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Adams R, McDonald M. Cryptococcal arthritis of the acromio-clavicular joint. N C Med J. 1984; 45(1): 23–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bunning RD, Barth WF. Cryptococcal arthritis and cellulitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1984; 43(3): 508–510.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brand C, Warren R, Luxton M, Barraclough D. Cryptococcal sacroiliitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1985; 44(2): 126–127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Italiano A, Yen BC, Stanley AR, Mahvash R. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis with septic arthritis. Orthopedics. 2001; 24: 59–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sinnott JT, Hort DA. Cryptococcal pyarthrosis complicating gouty arthritis. South Med J. 1989; 82(12): 1555–1556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Perfect JR, Durack DT, Gallis HA. Cryptococcemia. Medicine (Baltimore). 1983; 62(2): 98–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ricciardi DD, Sepkowitz DV, Berkowitz LB, Bienenstock H, Maslow M. Cryptococcal arthritis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Case report and review of the literature. J Rheumatol. 1986; 13(2): 455–458.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Leff RD, Smith EJ, Aldo-Benson MA, Aronoff GR. Cryptococcal arthritis after renal transplantation. South Med J. 1981; 74(10): 1290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kessel JF, Holtswart F. Experimental studies with torula from knee infection in man. Am J Trop Med. 1935; 15: 467–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mider GB, Smith FD, Bray jWE. Systemic infections with Crytococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum in the same patient. Arch Pathol. 1947; 43: 102–110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Goldshteyn N, Zanchi A, Cooke K, Agha R. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the humeral head initially diagnosed as avascular necrosis. South Med J. 2006; 99(10): 1140–1141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Doty JD, Mazur JE, Judson MA. Treatment of sarcoidosis with infliximab. Chest. 2005; 127(3): 1064–1071.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yee AM, Pochapin MB. Treatment of complicated sarcoidosis with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2001; 135(1): 27–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schimpff SC, Bennett JE. Abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1975; 55(6): 430–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Belcher RW, Palazij R, Wolinsky E. Immunologic studies in patients with sarcoidosis and cryptococcosis. Arch Dermatol. 1975; 111(6): 711–716.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Agostini C, Meneghin A, Semenzato G. T-lymphocytes and cytokines in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002; 8(5): 435–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Agostini C, Adami F, Semenzato G. New pathogenetic insights into the sarcoid granuloma. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000; 12(1): 71–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David S. Geller.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Geller, D.S., Pope, J.B., Thornhill, B.A. et al. Cryptococcal pyarthrosis and sarcoidosis. Skeletal Radiol 38, 721–727 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-009-0691-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-009-0691-0

Keywords

Navigation