Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in small ruminants, is highly prevalent worldwide. Economic losses have already been associated with the disease, and little is known about the host–pathogen relationship associated with the disease. The present study aimed to perform a metabolomic study of the C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Serum samples were collected from a herd of 173 goats. The animals were classified as controls (not infected), asymptomatic (seropositives but without detectable CLA clinical signs), and symptomatic (seropositive animals presenting CLA lesions), according to microbiological isolation and immunodiagnosis. The serum samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) sequences. The NMR data were analyzed using chemometrics, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to discover specific biomarkers responsible for discrimination between the groups. A high dissemination of the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was observed, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the evaluation of 62 serum samples by NMR, the techniques were satisfactory in the discrimination of the groups, being also complementary and mutually confirming, demonstrating possible biomarkers for the infection by the bacterium. Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG, such as tryptophan, polyunsaturated fatty acids, formic acid, NAD+, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, opening promising possibilities for the use of these results in new therapeutic, immunodiagnosis, and immunoprophylactic tools, as well as for studies of the immune response against C. pseudotuberculosis.
Key points
• Sixty-two samples from healthy, CLA asymptomatic, and symptomatic goats were screened
• Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG
• 1 H-NMR NOESY and CPMG were complementary and mutually confirming
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Acknowledgements
The authors are profoundly grateful to Francisca Soares (LABIMUNO ICS/UFBA) for the technical assistance.
Funding
This study was funded by the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Extensão (FAPEX). TDB was a PhD Fellow from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). DAEF, LT, and VA are research fellows from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RWP is a technical development fellow from CNPq (Proc. 310058/2022–8).
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JLN and ESB conceived the research, conducted experiments, and wrote the manuscript. DS, MJ, TDB, SAH, and DAEF conducted experiments. VA, LT, and RM obtained resources, supervised the experiments, and critically reviewed the manuscript. RWP conceived research, obtained results, supervised the experiments, analyzed data, edited the manuscript, and critically reviewed the manuscript.
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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of the Federal Rural University of the Semiarid (UFERSA) under the protocol number 23091003895/2014–71.
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Nicoleti, J.L., Braga, E.S., Stanisic, D. et al. A serum NMR metabolomic analysis of the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 107, 4593–4603 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12595-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12595-0