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Short-term feeding of probiotics and synbiotics modulates caecal microbiota during Salmonella Typhimurium infection but does not reduce shedding and invasion in chickens

  • Applied microbial and cell physiology
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Abstract

Positive modulation of gut microbiota in laying chickens may offer a strategy for reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and production of safer poultry products. In the current study, the caecal luminal microbiota of laying chicks was studied using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on DNA obtained from the chicks that were offered supplementation with commercial probiotics, synbiotics and/or Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. The load of Salmonella Typhimurium in various organs was quantified. Irrespective of the probiotics and synbiotics supplementation and Salmonella Typhimurium challenge, caecal microbiota was dominated by 22 distinct bacterial genera and 14 families that clustered into Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum level. Taken together, probiotics and synbiotics supplementation increased (false discovery rate; FDR < 0.05) the abundance of Ruminococcus, Trabulsiella, Bifidobacterium, Holdemania and Oscillospira, indicating their role in maintaining gut health through lowering luminal pH and digestion of complex polysaccharides. Salmonella Typhimurium challenge decreased the abundance of Trabulsiella, Oscillospira, Holdemania, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and increased Klebsiella and Escherichia, indicating its role in caecal dysbiosis. Although probiotics and synbiotics supplementation positively modulated the caecal microbiota, they were not effective in significantly (P > 0.05) reducing Salmonella Typhimurium load in caecal tissue and invasion into vital organs such as liver and spleen. The early colonisation of laying chick caeca by probiotics and synbiotics had the potential to positively influence luminal microbiota; however, the microbial abundance and diversity were not sufficient to significantly reduce the shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium in faeces or invasion into internal organs during this study.

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Acknowledgements

Help in sample collection from Nitish Narendra Joat (The University of Adelaide) is acknowledged. Critical editorial comments on the manuscript by Juliet Roberts (University of New England, Australia) are highly acknowledged.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Australian Eggs Limited under grant number 1FS802UA to Kapil K. Chousalkar. The funding body was not involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data or writing of the manuscript.

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  1. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia

    Samiullah Khan & Kapil K. Chousalkar

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  1. Samiullah Khan
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K.K.C. developed the hypothesis and designed the experimental work. S.K. and K.K.C. performed the experimental work, analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. Both the authors reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.

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Correspondence to Kapil K. Chousalkar.

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The Animal Ethics Committee at the University of Adelaide approved the work (approval number S-2017-080) in accordance with the guidelines specified in “Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, 8th edition (2013).” Standard Operative Procedures were followed for caring and processing of the experimental chicks.

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Khan, S., Chousalkar, K.K. Short-term feeding of probiotics and synbiotics modulates caecal microbiota during Salmonella Typhimurium infection but does not reduce shedding and invasion in chickens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 319–334 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10220-7

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