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Fungal aegerolysin-like proteins: distribution, activities, and applications

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Abstract

The aegerolysin protein family (from aegerolysin of the mushroom Agrocybe aegerita) comprises proteins of ∼15–20 kDa from various eukaryotic and bacterial taxa. Aegerolysins are inconsistently distributed among fungal species, and variable numbers of homologs have been reported for species within the same genus. As such noncore proteins, without a member of a protein family in each of the sequenced fungi, they can give insight into different species-specific processes. Some aegerolysins have been reported to be hemolytically active against mammalian erythrocytes. However, some function as bi-component proteins that have membrane activity in concert with another protein that contains a membrane attack complex/perforin domain. The function of most of aegerolysins is unknown, although some have been suggested to have a role in development of the organism. Potential biotechnological applications of aegerolysins are already evident, despite the limited scientific knowledge available at present. Some mushroom aegerolysins, for example, can be used as markers to detect and label specific membrane lipids. Others can be used as biomarkers of fungal exposure, where their genes can serve as targets for detection of fungi and their progression during infectious diseases. Antibodies against aegerolysins can also be raised as immuno-diagnostic tools. Aegerolysins have been shown to serve as a species determination tool for fungal phytopathogen isolates in terms of some closely related species, where commonly used internal transcribed spacer barcoding has failed. Moreover, strong promoters that regulate aegerolysin genes can promote secretion of heterologous proteins from fungi and have been successfully applied in simultaneous multi-gene expression techniques.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to Sabina Belc for genome mining, Saša Režonja and Nina Sluga for the hemolytic activity tests, Dr. Christopher Berrie for critical reading and English language editing, and the Slovenian Research Agency for financial support.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Maruša Novak, Matej Skočaj, Peter Maček, Gregor Anderluh & Kristina Sepčić

  2. Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Nada Kraševec & Gregor Anderluh

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  1. Maruša Novak
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  2. Nada Kraševec
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  3. Matej Skočaj
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  4. Peter Maček
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Correspondence to Nada Kraševec or Kristina Sepčić.

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Maruša Novak and Nada Kraševec contributed equally to this work.

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Novak, M., Kraševec, N., Skočaj, M. et al. Fungal aegerolysin-like proteins: distribution, activities, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99, 601–610 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6239-9

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