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Molecular genetics of fungal siderophore biosynthesis and uptake: the role of siderophores in iron uptake and storage

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Abstract

To acquire iron, all species have to overcome the problems of iron insolubility and toxicity. In response to low iron availability in the environment, most fungi excrete ferric iron-specific chelators—siderophores—to mobilize this metal. Siderophore-bound iron is subsequently utilized via the reductive iron assimilatory system or uptake of the siderophore-iron complex. Furthermore, most fungi possess intracellular siderophores as iron storage compounds. Molecular analysis of siderophore biosynthesis was initiated by pioneering studies on the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, and has progressed recently by characterization of the relevant structural and regulatory genes in the ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa. In addition, significant advances in the understanding of utilization of siderophore-bound iron have been made recently in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans as well as in the filamentous fungus A. nidulans. The present review summarizes molecular details of fungal siderophore biosynthesis and uptake, and the regulatory mechanisms involved in control of the corresponding genes.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Cereon Genomics LLC (Cambridge, Mass.), the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, the Stanford Genome Technology Center, and the Sanger Institute and its collaborators, David Denning and Andrew Brass at the University of Manchester for access to the genome sequences of A. nidulans, N. crassa, C. albicans and A. fumigatus, respectively. Research on the iron metabolism of fungi in the author's laboratory was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF-P13202-MOB), the Austrian National Bank (OENB-8750) and the University of Innsbruck. Contributions by various members of the laboratory are gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    H. Haas

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Haas, H. Molecular genetics of fungal siderophore biosynthesis and uptake: the role of siderophores in iron uptake and storage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62, 316–330 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1335-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1335-2

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