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The immunotranscriptome of the Caribbean reef-building coral Pseudodiploria strigosa

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Abstract

The viability of coral reefs worldwide has been seriously compromised in the last few decades due in part to the emergence of coral diseases of infectious nature. Despite important efforts to understand the etiology and the contribution of environmental factors associated to coral diseases, the mechanisms of immune response in corals are just beginning to be studied systematically. In this study, we analyzed the set of conserved immune response genes of the Caribbean reef-building coral Pseudodiploria strigosa by Illumina-based transcriptome sequencing and annotation of healthy colonies challenged with whole live Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Searching the annotated transcriptome with immune-related terms yielded a total of 2782 transcripts predicted to encode conserved immune-related proteins that were classified into three modules: (a) the immune recognition module, containing a wide diversity of putative pattern recognition receptors including leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins, immunoglobulin superfamily receptors, representatives of various lectin families, and scavenger receptors; (b) the intracellular signaling module, containing components from the Toll-like receptor, transforming growth factor, MAPK, and apoptosis signaling pathways; and (3) the effector module, including the C3 and factor B complement components, a variety of proteases and protease inhibitors, and the melanization-inducing phenoloxidase. P. strigosa displays a highly variable and diverse immune recognition repertoire that has likely contributed to its resilience to coral diseases.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Catalina Arévalo-Ferro for technical support and Andrea González, Iván Páez, and Juan Lugo for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from Colombia’s Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - COLCIENCIAS (contract 322-2011) to LFC. This funding agency had no involvement in the design, sample collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing, or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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  1. Alejandra Zárate-Potes

    Present address: Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University - Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cr 30 No. 45-08, Bogotá, Colombia

    Iván D. Ocampo, Alejandra Zárate-Potes & Luis F. Cadavid

  2. Instituto de Genética (Ed. 426), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cr. 30 No. 45-08, Bogotá, Colombia

    Iván D. Ocampo, Alejandra Zárate-Potes & Luis F. Cadavid

  3. Fundación Ecomares, Cali, Colombia

    Valeria Pizarro

  4. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cr 8 No. 40-62, Bogotá, Colombia

    Cristian A. Rojas & Nelson E. Vera

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  1. Iván D. Ocampo
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Correspondence to Luis F. Cadavid.

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Figure S1

Size distribution of contigs (in bp) after assembling the processed sequence reads. (GIF 13 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 131 kb)

Figure S2

Number of best BLAST hits by species resulting from comparing the P. strigosa transcriptome annotated with the Swissprot database (A) and the RefSeq database (B). (GIF 10 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 374 kb)

Table S1

Number of sequence reads for the non-stimulated and immune-stimulated cDNA libraries in the pre-processing of the P. strigosa transcriptome. (DOCX 57 kb)

Table S2

Summary of the general assembly statistics for the P. strigosa transcriptome. (DOCX 50 kb)

Table S3

KEGG metabolic pathway analysis of the P. strigosa transcriptome comparing the number of transcripts for each sub-pathway between representative species. (DOCX 121 kb)

Table S4

Keyword list of immune-related terms used to search the annotated transcriptome of P. strigosa. (DOCX 70 kb)

Table S5

Predicted proteins of the P. strigosa immune recognition module. (DOCX 138 kb)

Table S6

Components of intracellular signaling pathways involved in immune responses predicted from the P. strigosa transcriptome. (DOCX 124 kb)

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Ocampo, I.D., Zárate-Potes, A., Pizarro, V. et al. The immunotranscriptome of the Caribbean reef-building coral Pseudodiploria strigosa . Immunogenetics 67, 515–530 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-015-0854-1

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