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Bacterial Communities Along Environmental Gradients in Tropical Soda Lakes

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
  • Published:
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Abstract

Soda lake environments are known to be variable and can have distinct differences according to geographical location. In this study, we investigated the effects of different environmental conditions of six adjacent soda lakes in the Pantanal biome (Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil) on bacterial communities and their functioning using a metagenomic approach combined with flow cytometry and chemical analyses. Ordination analysis using flow cytometry and water chemistry data from two sampling periods (wet and dry) clustered soda lakes into three different profiles: eutrophic turbid (ET), oligotrophic turbid (OT), and clear vegetated oligotrophic (CVO). Analysis of bacterial community composition and functioning corroborated this ordination; the exception was one ET lake, which was similar to one OT lake during the wet season, indicating drastic shifts between seasons. Microbial abundance and diversity increased during the dry period, along with a considerable number of limnological variables, all indicative of a strong effect of the precipitation-evaporation balance in these systems. Cyanobacteria were associated with high electric conductivity, pH, and nutrient availability, whereas Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria were correlated with landscape morphology variability (surface water, surface perimeter, and lake volume) and with lower salinity and pH levels. Stress response metabolism was enhanced in OT and ET lakes and underrepresented in CVO lakes. The microbiome dataset of this study can serve as a baseline for restoring impacted soda lakes. Altogether, the results of this study demonstrate the sensitivity of tropical soda lakes to climate change, as slight changes in hydrological regimes might produce drastic shifts in community diversity.

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Data Availability

The sequence data (total of 36 metagenomes) have been deposited in the MG-RAST database under the project name Pantanal and accession numbers: mgp88859 (2018) and mgp92377 (2019).

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Acknowledgements

We thank the owner of the São Roque farm for permission to collect the water samples. We want to thank Prof. J. A. Bendassolli for the ionic chromatography analyses. We also thank the Center of Functional Genomics Applied to Agriculture and Agroenergy (USP, Campus “Luiz de Queiroz”) for generating the Illumina HiSeq data.

Funding

This research was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP #2016/14227–5). T. A. P. is thankful to the FAPESP (#2017/12644–0) for providing graduate scholarship. M. F. F. and H. S. received research fellowship (306803/2018–6 and 309514/2017–7, respectively) from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil

    Thierry A. Pellegrinetti, Simone R. Cotta, Juliana S. Costa, Endrews Delbaje, Celia R. Montes, Plinio B. Camargo & Marli F. Fiore

  2. Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil

    Hugo Sarmento

  3. The Observatory Midi-Pyrénées, Geoscience Environment Toulouse, Research Institute for Development, The National Center for Research Scientific, Paul Sabatier University, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Laurent Barbiero

  4. Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil

    Ary T. Rezende-Filho

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  1. Thierry A. Pellegrinetti
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  2. Simone R. Cotta
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Contributions

M. F. F. and T. A. P. conceived the study. T. A. P., J. S. C., H. S., and E. D. collected the samples. T. P., S. C., J. S. C., H. S., and E. D. analyzed the data. All authors were involved in writing the paper and had final approval of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marli F. Fiore.

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Pellegrinetti, T.A., Cotta, S.R., Sarmento, H. et al. Bacterial Communities Along Environmental Gradients in Tropical Soda Lakes. Microb Ecol 85, 892–903 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02086-6

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