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Influence of Darkness and Aging on Marine and Freshwater Biofilm Microbial Communities Using Microcosm Experiments

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

Ballast tank biofilms pose an additional risk of microbial invasion if sloughed off during ballasting operations, yet their significance and invasion biology is poorly understood. In this study, biofilms developed in marine and freshwater locations were exposed to prolonged darkness and aging by mimicking ballast water conditions in the laboratory. Upon prolonged darkness, the decay of phytoplankton, as indicated by the decrease in chlorophyll a in marine biofilms, led to remineralization and enhanced bacterial and protist populations. However, the same trend was not observed in the case of freshwater biofilms wherein the microbial parameters (i.e., bacteria, protists) and chlorophyll a decreased drastically. The bacterial community structure in such conditions was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and results showed that the biofilm bacterial communities changed significantly over a period of time. α-Proteobacteria was the most stable taxonomic group in the marine biofilms under dark conditions. However, β-proteobacteria dominated the freshwater biofilms and seemed to play an important role in organic matter remineralization. γ-Proteobacteria, which includes most of the pathogenic genera, were affected significantly and decreased in both the types of biofilms. This study revealed that marine biofilm communities were able to adapt better to the dark conditions while freshwater biofilm communities collapsed. Adaptation of tolerant bacterial communities, regeneration of nutrients via cell lysis, and presence of grazers appeared to be key factors for survival upon prolonged darkness. However, the fate of biofilm communities upon discharge in the new environment and their invasion potential is an important topic for future investigation.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Director, National Institute of Oceanography, for his support and encouragement. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. A.C. Anil, Head of the department for his support and also thank colleagues of the BBD department for their help. This work was supported by Ballast Water Management Program, India (Ministry of Shipping and DG shipping) (GAP 2429) and CSIR funded Ocean Finder Program (PSC 0105). The first author (NH) would like to acknowledge the Jawaharlal Nehru Scholarship (JNS) India, for the research fellowship and is the registered Ph.D. student at the Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University. This is NIO contribution No 6157.

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  1. CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    Niyati Hede & Lidita Khandeparker

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  1. Niyati Hede
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Hede, N., Khandeparker, L. Influence of Darkness and Aging on Marine and Freshwater Biofilm Microbial Communities Using Microcosm Experiments. Microb Ecol 76, 314–327 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-018-1149-5

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