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Marine Bacterioplankton Diversity and Community Composition in an Antarctic Coastal Environment

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

The bacterial community inhabiting the water column at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) was examined by the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of 606 bacterial isolates. Overall, the FISH analysis revealed a bacterioplankton composition that was typical of Antarctic marine environments with the Cytophaga/Flavobacter (CF) group of Bacteroidetes that was equally dominant with the Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. As sampling was performed during the decay of sea-ice, it is plausible to assume the origin of Bacteroidetes from the sea-ice compartment where they probably thrive in high concentration of DOM which is efficiently remineralized to inorganic nutrients. This finding was supported by the isolation of Gelidibacter, Polaribacter, and Psychroflexus members (generally well represented in Antarctic sea-ice) which showed the ability to hydrolyze macromolecules, probably through the production of extracellular enzymes. A consistently pronounced abundance of the Gammaproteobacteria (67.8%) was also detected within the cultivable fraction. Altogether, the genera Psychromonas and Pseudoalteromonas accounted for 65.4% of total isolates and were ubiquitous, thus suggesting that they may play a key role within the analyzed bacterioplankton community. In particular, Pseudoalteromonas isolates possessed nitrate reductase and were able to hydrolyze substrates for protease, esterase, and β-galactosidase, thus indicating their involvement in the carbon and nitrogen cycling. Finally, the obtained results highlight the ability of the Actinobacteria to survive and proliferate in the Terra Nova Bay seawater as they generally showed a wide range of salt tolerance and appeared to be particularly competitive with strictly marine bacteria by better utilizing supplied carbon sources.

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Acknowledgments

L Michaud and A Lo Giudice wish to thank the colleagues Michela Castellano and Enrico Olivari (University of Genoa, Italy) and the crew of the boat “Malippo”, for assistance with sample collections, and to all of the staff at “Mario Zucchelli” Station, for the logistic help and support, which made possible the expedition. We also thank Rosabruna La Ferla and Giovanna Maimone (IAMC-CNR Messina, Italy) for supplying the epifluorescence microscope, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from PNRA (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide), Italian Ministry of Education and Research (PEA 2004, Research Project PNRA 2004/1.6), and from MNA (Museo Nazionale dell'Antartide).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia Marina (DBAEM), Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Angelina Lo Giudice, Consolazione Caruso, Santina Mangano, Vivia Bruni, Maria De Domenico & Luigi Michaud

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  1. Angelina Lo Giudice
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  2. Consolazione Caruso
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  3. Santina Mangano
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  6. Luigi Michaud
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Correspondence to Angelina Lo Giudice.

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Lo Giudice, A., Caruso, C., Mangano, S. et al. Marine Bacterioplankton Diversity and Community Composition in an Antarctic Coastal Environment. Microb Ecol 63, 210–223 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9904-x

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