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Imaging recommendations and algorithms for pediatric tuberculosis: part 2—extrathoracic tuberculosis

  • Tuberculosis Minisymposium
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Abstract

Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment in recent years, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern. Children are amongst the most vulnerable groups affected by this disease. Although TB primarily involves the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, it can affect virtually any organ system of the body. Along with clinical history combined with physical examination and laboratory tests, various medical imaging tools help establish the diagnosis. Medical imaging tests are also helpful for follow-up during therapy, to assess complications and exclude other underlying pathologies. This article aims to discuss the utility, strengths and limitations of medical imaging tools in the evaluation of suspected extrathoracic TB in the pediatric population. Imaging recommendations for the diagnosis will be presented along with practical and evidence-based imaging algorithms to serve as a guide for both radiologists and clinicians.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Radiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center – Quezon City, 279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Ave., Quezon City, 1112, Philippines

    Bernard F. Laya & Nathan David P. Concepcion

  2. Department of Radiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines

    Bernard F. Laya

  3. Section of Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Radiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center – Global City, Rizal Drive cor. 32nd St. and 5th Ave., 1634, Taguig, Philippines

    Bernard F. Laya & Nathan David P. Concepcion

  4. Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA

    Savvas Andronikou

  5. Al Islam Specialist Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Zaleha Abdul Manaf

  6. Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience & Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Zaleha Abdul Manaf

  7. Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health, St Luke’s Medical Center - Quezon City, 279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Ave., Quezon City, 1112, Philippines

    Maria Isabel M. Atienza

  8. Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines

    Maria Isabel M. Atienza

  9. Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

    Kushaljit Singh Sodhi

  10. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Kushaljit Singh Sodhi

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  1. Bernard F. Laya
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  2. Nathan David P. Concepcion
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  3. Savvas Andronikou
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Contributions

B.F.L., N.D.P.C., S.A., Z.A.M., M.I.M.A. and K.S.S. conceived the project, searched and collected relevant articles from the literature. B.F.L. acquired and interpreted the images and drafted the initial manuscript. All authors reviewed, edited, proof-read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nathan David P. Concepcion.

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Laya, B.F., Concepcion, N.D.P., Andronikou, S. et al. Imaging recommendations and algorithms for pediatric tuberculosis: part 2—extrathoracic tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 53, 1782–1798 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-023-05650-5

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