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Early life ionizing radiation exposure and cancer risks: systematic review and meta-analysis

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A Correction to this article was published on 22 October 2020

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Abstract

Background

Ionizing radiation use for medical diagnostic purposes has substantially increased over the last three decades. Moderate to high doses of radiation are well established causes of cancer, especially for exposure at young ages. However, cancer risk from low-dose medical imaging is debated.

Objective

To review the literature on cancer risks associated with prenatal and postnatal medical diagnostic ionizing radiation exposure among children and to assess this risk through a meta-analysis.

Materials and methods

A literature search of five electronic databases supplemented by a hand search was performed to retrieve relevant epidemiological studies published from 2000 to 2019, including patients younger than 22 years of age exposed to medical imaging ionizing radiation. Pooled odds ratio (ORpooled) and pooled excess relative risk (ERRpooled) representing the excess of risk per unit of organ dose were estimated with a random effect model.

Results

Twenty-four studies were included. For prenatal exposure (radiographs or CT), no significant increased risk was reported for all cancers, leukemia and brain tumors. For postnatal exposure, increased risk was observed only for CT, mostly for leukemia (ERRpooled=26.9 Gy−1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–57.1) and brain tumors (ERRpooled=9.1 Gy−1; 95% CI: 5.2–13.1).

Conclusion

CT exposure in childhood appears to be associated with increased risk of cancer while no significant association was observed with diagnostic radiographs.

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Change history

  • 22 October 2020

    The original version of Table 2 included two incorrect values.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Epidemiology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, BP 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

    Kossi D. Abalo, Estelle Rage, Klervi Leuraud & Marie-Odile Bernier

  2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    David B. Richardson

  3. Department of Pediatric Imaging, Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau APHP, Paris, France

    Hubert Ducou Le Pointe

  4. Research Department on Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

    Dominique Laurier

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  1. Kossi D. Abalo
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Abalo, K.D., Rage, E., Leuraud, K. et al. Early life ionizing radiation exposure and cancer risks: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Radiol 51, 45–56 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04803-0

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