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Using Matrix Solid-Phase Microextraction (Matrix-SPME) to Estimate Bioavailability of DDTs in Soil to Both Earthworm and Vegetables

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Abstract

This study was conducted to find an appropriate approach for the assessment of bioavailability of DDTs in soil to both earthworm and vegetables. Four chemical approaches—Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, n-butanol agitation extraction, water agitation extraction, and matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME)—were used to assess the relationships between the extractability of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p′-DDE), 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p′-DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p′-DDD), and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p′-DDT) in soil and their amounts uptaken by the earthworm (Eisenia foetida), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. spp.), and cole (Brassica napus L.). These results indicated that the extractability and bioavailability of DDTs in soil decreased with time of aging. Correlation analysis showed that n-butanol extraction or 12-h matrix-SPME could be used to assess the bioavailability of DDTs to the earthworm, and Soxhlet extraction, n-butanol extraction, or 12-h matrix-SPME could be used to predict the bioavailability of DDTs to both Chinese cabbage and cole. As a solventless, time-efficient, and negligible-depletion technique, it could be concluded that matrix-SPME is a better approach to predict the bioavailability of DDTs to both the earthworm and vegetables, compared with Soxhlet extraction, n-butanol extraction, and water extraction.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National High Technology R&D Program of China (Nos. 2006AA06Z386 and 2007AA06Z306), National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 30771254), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20070335113), the Major State Basic Research Development Programme of China (2009CB119000), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20070421174).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China

    Hua Fang, Xiaoqiang Chu, Xiuguo Wang, Guohui Pang & Yunlong Yu

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  1. Hua Fang
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  2. Xiaoqiang Chu
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  3. Xiuguo Wang
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  4. Guohui Pang
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  5. Yunlong Yu
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Correspondence to Yunlong Yu.

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Fang, H., Chu, X., Wang, X. et al. Using Matrix Solid-Phase Microextraction (Matrix-SPME) to Estimate Bioavailability of DDTs in Soil to Both Earthworm and Vegetables. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58, 62–70 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9329-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9329-4

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