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Analysis of Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Gene Variations (re11568821 and rs41386349) in HTLV-1 Infection Using One Primer Pair and Proviral Load

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Abstract

About 90% of people infected with Human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) virus are asymptomatic, so it can be said that the prevalence of this virus is not completely clear. During chronic infection, the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) protein increases and causes exhausted phenotype in T cells. Considering the role of host genetics and immune responses in HTLV-1 infection, in this case–control study, included 81 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and 162 healthy controls (HCs), rs11568821 and rs41386349 polymorphisms of PD-1 gene were evaluated by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method which investigated by one primer pair for both polymorphisms also, proviral load (PVL) measured by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR). The results showed that the mutant allele of rs11568821 (A) and rs41386349 (T) polymorphisms is associated with an increase in HTLV-1 infection significantly (p = 0.019 and p = 0.000 respectively). But there was no significant relationship between PVL and polymorphisms.

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Abbreviations

ACs:

Asymptomatic carriers

ATL:

Adult-T-cell Leukemia

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

HAM:

HTLV-1associated myelopathy

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HBZ:

HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper protein

HCs:

Healthy controls

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HTLV-1:

Human T lymphotropic virus type-1

PBMCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PCR-RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR

PD-1:

Programmed cell death -1

PVL:

Proviral load

RUNX-1:

Runt-related transcriptional factor 1

Q-RT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

TAX:

Transactivator protein

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully appreciate the financial and counsel support of the virology lab of High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Blood Transfusion Research Center

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14665-1157, Iran

    Yalda Amiri Hezave, Zohreh Sharifi & Fahime Ranjbar Kermani

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  1. Yalda Amiri Hezave
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  2. Zohreh Sharifi
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  3. Fahime Ranjbar Kermani
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Correspondence to Zohreh Sharifi.

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Handling editor: Jody Hey.

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Hezave, Y.A., Sharifi, Z. & Kermani, F.R. Analysis of Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Gene Variations (re11568821 and rs41386349) in HTLV-1 Infection Using One Primer Pair and Proviral Load. J Mol Evol 91, 562–566 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-023-10104-5

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