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Forces of Change: Optical Tweezers in Membrane Remodeling Studies

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Abstract

Optical tweezers allow precise measurement of forces and distances with piconewton and nanometer precision, and have thus been instrumental in elucidating the mechanistic details of various biological processes. Some examples include the characterization of motor protein activity, studies of protein–DNA interactions, and characterizing protein folding trajectories. The use of optical tweezers (OT) to study membranes is, however, much less abundant. Here, we review biophysical studies of membranes that utilize optical tweezers, with emphasis on various assays that have been developed and their benefits and limitations. First, we discuss assays that employ membrane-coated beads, and overview protein–membrane interactions studies based on manipulation of such beads. We further overview a body of studies that make use of a very powerful experimental tool, the combination of OT, micropipette aspiration, and fluorescence microscopy, that allow detailed studies of membrane curvature generation and sensitivity. Finally, we describe studies focused on membrane fusion and fission. We then summarize the overall progress in the field and outline future directions.

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Funding

RS acknowledges support by the ISRAEL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (Grant No. 1289/20). SKC acknowledges support by the Ratner Center for Single Molecule Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Sudheer K. Cheppali, Raviv Dharan & Raya Sorkin

  2. Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Sudheer K. Cheppali, Raviv Dharan & Raya Sorkin

  3. Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Sudheer K. Cheppali, Raviv Dharan & Raya Sorkin

  4. Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Sudheer K. Cheppali, Raviv Dharan & Raya Sorkin

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  1. Sudheer K. Cheppali
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  2. Raviv Dharan
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Correspondence to Raya Sorkin.

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S.K.C., R.D. and R.S declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Cheppali, S.K., Dharan, R. & Sorkin, R. Forces of Change: Optical Tweezers in Membrane Remodeling Studies. J Membrane Biol 255, 677–690 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-022-00241-1

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