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Augmentation of Heat Transfer of High Prandtl Number Fe3O4/vacuum pump oil nanofluids flow in a tube with twisted tape inserts in laminar flow

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Abstract

The heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of Fe3O4/vacuum pump oil nanofluids flowing in a tube with twisted tape inserts were analyzed experimentally. The experiments were conducted for different mass flow rates (0.04 kg/s to 0.208 kg/s), volume concentrations (0.05% to 0.5%), Prandtl numbers (440 to 2534), Graetz numbers (500 to 3000) and twisted tape inserts (H/D = 5, 10 and 15). Results reveal that the Nusselt number is enhanced by 8.94% and 13.48% for the 0.5% nanofluid for the mass flow rates of 0.0416 kg/s and 0.208 kg/s, respectively, relative to the base fluid. For the mass flow rate of 0.208 kg/s with 0.5 vol. % nanofluid, the friction factor penalty is 1.21-times compared to the base fluid. By using twisted tape insert of H/D = 5, the Nusselt number is further enhanced by 23.86% and 39.53% for the 0.5% nanofluid for mass flow rates of 0.0416 kg/s and 0.208 kg/s, respectively, relative to the base fluid. For the twisted tape insert of H/D = 5 with mass flow rate of 0.208 kg/s and 0.5 vol. % nanofluid, the friction factor penalty is 1.44-times compared to the base fluid. New Nusselt number and friction factor correlations are proposed.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

Cp :

Specific heat (J/kg K)

D :

Inner tube diamter (mm)

Do :

Outer tube diameter (mm)

f :

friction factor

Gz :

Greatz number, RePrD/L

h :

heat transfer coefficient, (W/m2K)

H :

Helix (mm)

I :

Current

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

L :

Length (mm)

\( \dot{\boldsymbol{m}} \) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

Pr :

Prandtl number, (μ × Cp/k)

Q h :

Heat supplied (W)

Q a :

Heat absorbed by the fluid (W)

Q avg :

Average of Qh and Qa

Re :

Reynolds number \( \left(\mathbf{4}\dot{\boldsymbol{m}}/\boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{D}\boldsymbol{\mu } \right) \)

T :

Temperature (oC)

V :

Voltage

v :

velocity of the fluid (m/s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

ϕ :

Particle vol. concentration (%)

Δ P :

Pressure drop

μ :

Viscosity (mPa.s)

i:

inlet

o:

outlet

w:

Wall

b:

Bulk

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Acknowledgment

The authors LSS, AMBP and ACMS would like to acknowledge funding from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal) through grants: UIDB/EMS/00481/2020; UIDP/00481/2020 and FCT- Infrastructures support CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083. The author LSS also acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal for his grant: Ref. 045-88-ARH/2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA–UA), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-131, Aveiro, Portugal

    L. Syam Sundar, António M.B. Pereira & António C.M. Sousa

  2. Department of Physics – School of Engineering and Technology (SoET), Central University of Haryana (CUH), Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India

    Manoj K. Singh

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  1. L. Syam Sundar
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Correspondence to L. Syam Sundar or Manoj K. Singh.

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Sundar, L.S., Singh, M.K., Pereira, A.M. et al. Augmentation of Heat Transfer of High Prandtl Number Fe3O4/vacuum pump oil nanofluids flow in a tube with twisted tape inserts in laminar flow. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 3111–3125 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02913-x

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