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Controlled release of insulin through hydrogels of (acrylic acid)/trimethylolpropane triacrylate

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Abstract

Hydrogels of poly(acrylic acid) crosslinked with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) were produced through solution polymerization. After these hydrogels were loaded with insulin solution, they evidenced swelling. Experiments of controlled release of insulin through the hydrogels were performed in acidic and basic media in order to evaluate the rates of release of this protein provided by the referred copolymer. Additionally, a mathematical description of the system based on differential mass balance was made and simulated in MATLAB. The model consists of a system of differential equations which was solved numerically. As expected, the values of swelling index at the equilibrium and the rates of insulin release were inversely proportional to the degree of crosslinking. The mathematical model provided reliable predictions of release profiles with fitted values of diffusivity of insulin through the hydrogels in the range of 6.0 × 10−7–1.3 × 10−6 cm2/s. The fitted and experimental values of partition coefficients of insulin between the hydrogel and the medium were lower for basic media, pointing out good affinity of insulin for these media in comparison to the acidic solutions.

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Abbreviations

av :

Surface area of the hydrogel per unit of volume (cm−1)

\( C_{A}^{I} \) :

Insulin concentration inside the hydrogel (phase I) (IU/cm3)

\( C_{A,eq}^{II} \) :

Concentration of insulin in phase II in equilibrium with \( \left. {C_{A}^{I} } \right|_{r = R} \)

\( C_{A,i}^{I} \) :

Concentration of insulin in ‘i’ position inside the hydrogel (IU/cm3)

\( C_{A,initial}^{I} \) :

Initial insulin concentration inside the hydrogel (phase I) (IU/cm3)

\( C_{A}^{II} \) :

Insulin concentration in the receiving medium (phase II) (IU/cm3)

DA :

Diffusion coefficient of insulin inside the swollen hydrogel (cm2/s)

IU:

Insulin units

kc :

Mass transfer coefficient of insulin in the receiving solution (cm/s)

K P :

Partition coefficient of insulin between phases I and II

N:

Number of points used in the method of lines

r:

Radial direction (cm)

R:

Radius of the hydrogel (cm)

Sw:

Swelling index

t:

Time of release (s)

VI :

Volume of phase I (cm3)

VII :

Volume of phase II (cm3)

wd :

Weight of dried hydrogel (g)

wsw :

Weight of swollen hydrogel (g)

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank FAPESP (Grant Number 2012/11532-0), CNPq (Grant Number 304321/2011-7) and CAPES for the support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdades Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Brigadeiro Galvão, 540, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Vanessa C. Raymundi

  2. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil

    Leandro G. Aguiar

  3. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, travessa 3, No. 380, São Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil

    Esmar F. Souza & Reinaldo Giudici

  4. Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ana C. Sato

Authors
  1. Vanessa C. Raymundi
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  2. Leandro G. Aguiar
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  4. Ana C. Sato
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Correspondence to Leandro G. Aguiar.

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Raymundi, V.C., Aguiar, L.G., Souza, E.F. et al. Controlled release of insulin through hydrogels of (acrylic acid)/trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 2193–2201 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1732-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1732-y

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