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Comparative growth increments of gladius surface and cross-sections to estimate Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis age

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Abstract

The age of the purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) has been widely studied over its geographic range based on hard structure analysis, especially the statolith. In this study, we propose an additional method for estimating the age of S. oualaniensis using growth increments in the gladius. Our results show regular growth increments in the proostracum dorsal surface and stem cross-sections. Linear regression analysis of the relationship between statolith and gladius readings showed the formation of increments in stem cross-sections to be daily, assuming that the formation of increments is daily in statoliths. A progressively more faint microstructure in the half-posterior part of the gladius possibly explains why the number of growth increments in the proostracum dorsal surface is less than the statolith-determined age. The low average percentage error and coefficient of variation indicate that our modified processing and counting methods are reliable. We believe that using growth increments in the gladius stem cross-section is a feasible alternative tool for determining the age of S. oualaniensis, whereas using growth increments in the proostracum dorsal surface is more informative for reconstructing ontogenetic life history.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks goes to the reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The Project was jointly funded by the Ministry of Agriculture Programs for light falling net survey for pelagic fish in the Central Pacific Ocean (2014), the Provincial Programs for the Rising Young Teachers (YQ2014002), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201403008), the Project of Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University (2013050247) and National Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (201410566002). We thank Dr. Pauline H. Lovell for editing the English text.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Fisheries Science, Guangdong Ocean University, 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Xue Feng Wang & Teng Li

  2. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, 201306, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Bi Lin Liu, Jian Hua Li, Rui Jiang & Jing Yuan Lin

  3. The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, 201306, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Bi Lin Liu

  4. National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, 201306, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Bi Lin Liu

  5. Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, 201306, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Bi Lin Liu

  6. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, 999 Hucheng Ring Road, Lingang New City, 201306, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Bi Lin Liu

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  1. Xue Feng Wang
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Correspondence to Bi Lin Liu.

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None of the coauthors has ethical issues arising from conflicts of interest.

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The samples were taken with the permission of the Shanghai Ocean University which is in charge of oceanic fisheries research in China. All the sampling protocols have been evaluated and approved by the Shanghai Ocean University, and the samples were taken strictly following protocol.

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Responsible Editor: G. Pierce.

Reviewed by J. A. Alvarez Perez, C. Perales-Raya and an undisclosed expert.

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Wang, X.F., Liu, B.L., Li, J.H. et al. Comparative growth increments of gladius surface and cross-sections to estimate Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis age. Mar Biol 165, 78 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3340-0

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