Abstract
In this study, the impact of a plasma treatment using dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure on wax-treated beech was investigated by surface energy determination and adhesion tests. Measurements of the surface energy revealed a strong increase in surface polarity along with increased surface energy as a result of the plasma treatment, pointing to increased adhesion properties. To evaluate the adhesion properties of a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive on beech treated with montan ester wax and synthetic Fischer–Tropsch wax, a special peel test was applied. This peel test provided evidence of increased adhesion of the PVAc after plasma treatment of both materials investigated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banks WB (1973) Water uptake by Scots pine sapwood and its restriction by the use of water repellents. Wood Sci Technol 7:271–284
Chan CM (1994) Polymer surface modification and characterization. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Christiansen AW (1990) How overdrying wood reduces its bonding to phenol-formaldehyde adhesives: a critical review of the literature, part 1, physical response. Wood Fiber Sci 22:441–459
Custódio J, Broughton J, Cruz H, Winfield P (2009) Activation of timber surfaces by flame and corona treatments to improve adhesion. Int J Adhes Adhes 29:167–172
Donath S, Militz H, Mai C (2006a) Creating water repellent effects on wood by treatment with silanes. Holzforschung 60:40–46
Donath S, Militz H, Mai C (2006b) Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi. Holzforschung 60:210–216
Donath S, Militz H, Mai C (2007) Weathering of silane treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 65:35–42
Evans PD, Ramos M, Senden T (2007) Modification of wood using a glow-discharge plasma derived from water. In: Hill CAS, Jones D, Militz H, Ormondroyd GA (eds) Proceedings of the third European conference on wood modification. Biocomposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, pp 123–132
Hippler R, Pfau S, Schmidt M, Schoenbach KH (2004) Low temperature plasma physics. Wiley-VCH, Berlin
Illmann G, Schmidt H, Brotz W, Michalczyk G, Payer W, Dietsche W, Hohner G, Wildgruber J (1983) Wachse. In: Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4th edn, vol 24, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 1–49
Klarhöfer L, Frerichs M, Maus-Friedrichs M, Kempter V, Viöl, W (2005) Investigation of pure and plasma treated spruce with surface analytical techniques. In: Proceedings of the second European conference on wood modification, Göttingen, Germany, pp 339–345
Kogelschatz U (2003) Dielectric-barrier discharges: their history, discharge physics and industrial applications. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 23:1–46
Kurt R, Krause A, Militz H, Mai C (2008) Hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) priming agent for improved bondability of wax-treated wood. Holz Roh Werkst 66:333–338
Lecoq E, Clement F, Panousis E, Loiseau JF, Held B, Castetbon A, Guimon C (2008) Pinus pinaster surface treatment realized in spatial and temporal afterglow DBD conditions. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 42:47–53
Mai C, Militz H (2004) Modification of wood with silicon compounds. Inorganic silicon compounds and sol-gel systems: a review. Wood Sci Technol 37:339–348
Militz H, Mai C, Ghosh SC (2008) Combined effect of hydrophobation and durability improvement of wood treated with silicone emulsions. Cost action E37 final conference in Bordeaux. Socio-economic perspectives of treated wood for the common European market, pp 31–39
Odrásková M, Ráhel J, Zahoranová A, Tino R (2008) Plasma activation of wood surface by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 28:203–211
Owens DK, Wendt RC (1969) Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 13:1741
Podgorski L, Chevet B, Onic L, Merlin A (2000) Modification of wood wettability by plasma and corona treatments. Int J Adhes Adhes 20:103–111
Rehn P, Wolkenhauer A, Bente M, Förster S, Viöl W (2003) Wood surface modification in dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure. Surf Coat Technol 174–175:515–518
Sernek M (2002) Comparative analysis of inactivated wood surfaces. PhD thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Strobel M, Lyons CS, Mittal KL (1994) Plasma surface modification of polymers: relevance to adhesion. VSP, Utrecht
Topala I, Dumitrascu N (2007) Dynamics of the wetting process on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-treated wood surfaces. J Adhes Sci Technol 21:1089–1096
Wolkenhauer A, Militz H, Viöl W (2008a) Increased PVA-glue adhesion on particle board and fibre board by plasma treatment. Holz Roh Werkst 66:143–145
Wolkenhauer A, Avramidis G, Hauswald E, Militz H, Viöl W (2008b) Plasma treatment of wood-plastic composites to enhance their adhesion properties. J Adhes Sci Technol 22:2025–2037
Wolkenhauer A, Avramidis G, Militz H, Viöl W (2008c) Plasma treatment of heat treated beech wood—investigation on surface free energy. Holzforschung 62:472–474
Wolkenhauer A (2009) Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure. Sierke, Göttingen
Wolkenhauer A, Avramidis G, Hauswald E, Militz H, Viöl W (2009) Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood: a comparison with respect to surface energy. Int J Adhes Adhes 29:18–22
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the German Research Foundation (DFG, VI 359/1-3) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 1708X08) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Avramidis, G., Scholz, G., Nothnick, E. et al. Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment. Wood Sci Technol 45, 359–368 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0327-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0327-5