Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles of primary or secondary, biogenic or anthropogenic origin are highly complex samples of changing composition in time and space. To assess their effects on climate or human health, the size-dependent chemical composition of these ubiquitous atmospheric constituents must be known. The development of novel analytical methods has enabled more detailed characterization of the organic composition of aerosols. This review gives an overview of the methods used in the chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles, with a focus on mass-spectrometry techniques for organic compounds, either alone or in combination with chromatographic separation. Off-line, on-site, and on-line methods are covered, and the advantages and limitations of the different methods are discussed. The main emphasis is on methods used for detailed characterization of the composition of the organic compounds in aerosol particles. We address and summarize the current state of analytical methods used in aerosol research and discuss the importance of developing novel sampling strategies and analytical instrumentation.
Abbreviations
- 2D-TAG:
-
Two-dimensional thermal-desorption aerosol gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- ACE:
-
Aerosol chip electrophoresis
- AMS:
-
Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer
- APCI:
-
Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
- APPI:
-
Atmospheric-pressure photoionization
- ATOFMS:
-
Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer
- BBOA:
-
Biomass-burning organic aerosol
- CI:
-
Chemical ionization
- C-ToF:
-
Compact time-of-flight
- CVI:
-
Counterflow virtual impactor
- DESI:
-
Desorption electrospray ionization
- DMA:
-
Differential mobility analyzer
- DSAE:
-
Dynamic sonication-assisted extraction
- DVB:
-
Divinylbenzene
- EI:
-
Electron ionization
- ESI:
-
Electrospray ionization
- FTICR:
-
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- GC×GC:
-
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
- HPAEC:
-
High-resolution anion-exchange chromatography
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- HR:
-
High resolution
- IC:
-
Ion chromatography
- IR:
-
Isotope ratio
- IT:
-
Ion trap
- LC:
-
Liquid chromatography
- LDI:
-
Laser desorption/ionization
- MAE:
-
Microwave-assisted extraction
- MARGA:
-
Monitor for aerosols and gases in air
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- NAMS:
-
Nanoaerosol mass spectrometer
- nano-DMA:
-
Nanometer-aerosol differential mobility analyzer
- NR-PM:
-
Non-refractory particulate matter with diameters
- OA:
-
Organic aerosol
- OC:
-
Organic carbon
- PAHs:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PDMS:
-
Polydimethylsiloxane
- PILS:
-
Particle-into-liquid sampler
- PLE:
-
Pressurized liquid extraction
- PM10 :
-
Particulate matter with diameters <10 mm
- PM2.5 :
-
Particulate matter with diameters <2.5 mm
- PUF:
-
Polyurethane foam
- REMPI:
-
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization
- PMF:
-
Positive matrix factorization
- RSMS:
-
Rapid single-particle mass spectrometer
- SAE:
-
Sonication-assisted extraction
- SFE:
-
Supercritical fluid extraction
- SOA:
-
Secondary organic aerosol
- TAG:
-
Thermal-desorption aerosol gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- TD:
-
Thermal desorption
- TEOM:
-
Tapered-element oscillating microbalance
- TOF:
-
Time-of-flight
- UCM:
-
Unresolved complex mixture
- UHPLC:
-
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
- UHR-MS:
-
Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry
- VOC:
-
Volatile organic compound
- XAD:
-
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin (trade name)
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Published in the topical collection Aerosols and Health with guest editor Ralf Zimmermann.
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Parshintsev, J., Hyötyläinen, T. Methods for characterization of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 5877–5897 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8394-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8394-3