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Pharmacological and behavioral determinants of cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and para-methoxyamphetamine-induced hyperthermia

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Abstract

Rationale

Cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), and para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) disrupt normal thermoregulation in humans, with PMA being associated with more severe cases of hyperthermia. Harm minimization advice on how to prevent overheating depends on appropriate thermoregulatory behavior by drug users.

Objectives

The purpose of the current study was to establish dose–response relationships for the effects of a number of commonly used illicit stimulants and investigate the behavioral response to increased core temperature.

Materials and methods

Sprague–Dawley rats with telemetry implants were administered either saline or 4, 12, 26, 40 or 80 μmol/kg of cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, or PMA and confined to an ambient temperature of 30°C for 30 min, before being able to choose their preferred temperature on a thermally graded runway (11–41°C).

Results

The increased core temperature caused by administration of cocaine, methamphetamine, and MDMA treatment led to the animals seeking the cool end of the runway to correct their core temperature, although this did not occur in PMA-treated rats. The order of potency for increasing core temperature was methamphetamine >PMA = MDMA>cocaine. This differed to the slopes of the dose–response curves where MDMA and PMA showed the steepest slope for the doses used followed by methamphetamine then cocaine.

Conclusions

These results suggest that behavioral aspects of thermoregulation are important in assessing the potential of individual drugs to cause harmful increases in core temperature.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Level 5 Medical School North, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia

    Emily Joy Jaehne, Abdallah Salem & Rodney James Irvine

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  1. Emily Joy Jaehne
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  2. Abdallah Salem
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  3. Rodney James Irvine
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Correspondence to Emily Joy Jaehne.

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Jaehne, E.J., Salem, A. & Irvine, R.J. Pharmacological and behavioral determinants of cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and para-methoxyamphetamine-induced hyperthermia. Psychopharmacology 194, 41–52 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0825-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0825-9

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