Abstract
A betaproteobacterial chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium designated APG5T was isolated from supralittoral sand of the Edmonds City Beach, WA, USA. Growth was observed at 10–35 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 8) and ammonia concentrations as high as 100 mM (optimum, 1–30 mM NH4Cl). The strain grows optimally in a freshwater medium but tolerates up to 400 mM NaCl. It is most closely related to ‘Nitrosomonas ureae’ (96.7% 16S rRNA and 92.4% amoA sequence identity). The 3.75-Mbp of AGP5T draft genome contained a single rRNA operon and all necessary tRNA genes and has the lowest G+C content (43.5%) when compared to the previously reported genomes of reference strains in cluster 6 Nitrosomonas. Based on an average nucleotide identity of 82% with its closest relative (‘N. ureae’ Nm10T) and the suggested species boundary of 95–96%, a new species Nitrosomonas supralitoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Nitrosomonas supralitoralis is APG5T (= NCIMB 14870T = ATCC TSD-116T).
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Llyd Wells at St. John’s College and Aharon Oren at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for nomenclature advice. We would also thank Megan Feeney at Florida Gulf Coast University and Jorie Skutas at Nova Southeastern University for their technical assistance. We thank Barry Rosen at Florida Gulf Coast University for allowing us to use the differential interference contrast microscope. The authors are grateful to N. Dineshkumar and S. V. Alavandi for sharing environmental data of their research sites where APG5T-like DNA sequences were found. A part of this research was funded by the U.S. NSF Division of Environmental Biology Ecosystem Science Cluster grant DEB-1664052 to H.U and Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch project FLA-FTL-005680 to W.M.H. G. A. and H. U. were Seidler Summer Fellowship recipients at Florida Gulf Coast University. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers who contributed to improve our manuscript.
Funding
National Science Foundation, DEB-1664052, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch project, FLA-FTL-005680.
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HU isolated the strain, designed the study, conducted experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. GAA conducted experiments and analyzed data. WM supported the research and reviewed the manuscript. JVL determined the genome sequence. MGK contributed to the isolation of the strain and reviewed the manuscript, and DAS supported the research and co-wrote the manuscript.
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Urakawa, H., Andrews, G.A., Lopez, J.V. et al. Nitrosomonas supralitoralis sp. nov., an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium from beach sand in a supralittoral zone. Arch Microbiol 204, 560 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03173-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03173-5