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The effect of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on bone mineral density in subjects with prediabetes

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Abstract

Summary

The rationale of this study was to determine the effect of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD). Prediabetic males given vitamin D had significantly less reduction in BMD at the femoral neck compared to the controls. The clinical implications of our findings require further investigation.

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fracture risk, and recent studies show crosstalk between bone and glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the bone without additional calcium. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether a high dose of vitamin D3 could improve bone mass density (BMD) in prediabetic subjects.

Methods

The current study was conducted as a secondary research on a previously performed trial, in which 511 subjects with prediabetes were randomized to vitamin D3 (20,000 IU per week) versus placebo for 5 years. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Results

Two hundred and fifty-six subjects were randomized to vitamin D and 255 to placebo. Mean baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was 60 nmol/L. Two hundred and two and 214 in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively, completed BMD measurements, whereas one in each group was excluded due to use of bisphosphonates. Males given vitamin D had significantly less reduction in BMD at the femoral neck measurement site compared to the controls (0.000 versus − 0.010 g/cm2, p = 0.008). No significant differences between intervention groups were seen at the total hip measurement site, regarding both males and females.

Conclusions

Vitamin D3 supplementation alone may be beneficial in males with prediabetes, but confirmatory studies are needed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the superb assistance from the staff at the Clinical Research Unit (in particular Aslaug Jakobsen) and the Department of Medical Biochemistry at the University Hospital of North Norway.

Funding

The study was supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Grant R195-A16126), the North Norway Regional Health Authorities (Grant 6856/SFP1029-12), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, the Norwegian Diabetes Association, and the Research Council of Norway (Grant 184766).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway

    A. U. Larsen, G. Grimnes & R. Jorde

  2. Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway

    G. Grimnes & R. Jorde

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  1. A. U. Larsen
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  2. G. Grimnes
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Correspondence to A. U. Larsen.

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Larsen, A.U., Grimnes, G. & Jorde, R. The effect of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on bone mineral density in subjects with prediabetes. Osteoporos Int 29, 171–180 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4222-x

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