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PD-L1 Expression in Nonbacterial Chronic Cystitis and Bladder Cancer

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

The objective was to assess PD-L1 expression in nonbacterial chronic cystitis (NCC) and bladder cancer (BC).

Methods

The present study included 20 NCC and 20 BC patients. The degree of inflammation of the bladder wall was assessed on slides stained with H&E. Viral pathogens (herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and high-risk HPVs) were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of the bladder specimens. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the PD-L1 expression in bladder tissue.

Results

Expression of PD-L1 was detected in 40% of NCC patients and 85% of BC patients. Viral pathogens were found in 50% of NCC patients and 60% of BC patients, with EBV being the most common. In NCC patients the immune cell score correlated strongly with the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the bladder wall (r = 0.867, p < 0.001), the presence of lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa (r = 0.804, p < 0.001), koilocytosis (r = 0.620, p = 0.004), and the presence of viral pathogens (r = 0.784, p < 0.001). In BC patients the immune cell score correlated with the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the bladder wall (r = 0.534, p = 0.015) and the presence of viral pathogens (r = 0.626, p = 0.003), but not with the presence of lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa (r = 0.083, p = 0.729), and koilocytosis (r = 0.366, p = 0.112).

Conclusions

Expression of PD-L1 was detected in a cohort of NCC patients, although the PD-L1 positivity rate was lower than that in BC. Our results demonstrate that the degree of PD-L1 expression in bladder tissue is associated with the presence of viral infections and with the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the bladder wall in both NCC and BC.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that all data generated or analyzed during this study are available within the article.

Abbreviations

BC:

Bladder cancer

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IC/BPS:

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

IUC:

Infiltrating urothelial carcinoma

NCC:

Nonbacterial chronic cystitis

NPUC:

Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PD-1:

Programmed death-1

PD-L1:

Programmed death ligand-1

TC score:

Tumor cell score

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Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology and Surgical Andrology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya Street, 125993, Moscow, Russia

    Inga Kosova & Vagan Barsegian

  2. Department of Urology, Demikhov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia

    Inga Kosova & Dmitriy Kolbasov

  3. Department of Pathology, Demikhov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia

    Lyudmila Gundorova

Authors
  1. Inga Kosova
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  2. Vagan Barsegian
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  3. Lyudmila Gundorova
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  4. Dmitriy Kolbasov
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Contributions

I.K.: study conception and design, data collection, revision of the manuscript; V.B.: study conception and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, draft manuscript preparation; L.G.: data collection, revision of the manuscript; D.K.: data collection, revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vagan Barsegian.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Protocol #15, 16/11/2021) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. All patients signed an informed consent form before participating in the study.

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None.

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Handling Editor: Gin-Den Chen

Editor in Chief: Maria A. Bortolini

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Kosova, I., Barsegian, V., Gundorova, L. et al. PD-L1 Expression in Nonbacterial Chronic Cystitis and Bladder Cancer. Int Urogynecol J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-024-05782-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-024-05782-8

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