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Effect of midodrine versus placebo on time to vasopressor discontinuation in patients with persistent hypotension in the intensive care unit (MIDAS): an international randomised clinical trial

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Abstract

Purpose

ICU discharge is often delayed by a requirement for intravenous vasopressor medications to maintain normotension. We hypothesised that the administration of midodrine, an oral α1-adrenergic agonist, as adjunct to standard treatment shortens the duration of intravenous vasopressor requirement.

Methods

In this multicentre, randomised, controlled trial including three tertiary referral hospitals in the US and Australia, we enrolled adult patients with hypotension requiring a single-agent intravenous vasopressor for ≥ 24 h. Subjects received oral midodrine (20 mg) or placebo every 8 h in addition to standard care until cessation of intravenous vasopressors, ICU discharge, or occurrence of adverse events. The primary outcome was time to vasopressor discontinuation. Secondary outcomes included time to ICU discharge readiness, ICU and hospital lengths of stay, and ICU readmission rates.

Results

Between October 2012 and June 2019, 136 participants were randomised, of whom 132 received the allocated intervention and were included in the analysis (modified intention-to-treat approach). Time to vasopressor discontinuation was not different between midodrine and placebo groups (median [IQR], 23.5 [10–54] vs 22.5 [10.4–40] h; difference, 1 h; 95% CI − 10.4 to 12.3 h; p = 0.62). No differences in secondary endpoints were observed. Bradycardia occurred more often after midodrine administration (5 [7.6%] vs 0 [0%], p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Midodrine did not accelerate liberation from intravenous vasopressors and was not effective for the treatment of hypotension in critically ill patients.

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Data availability

De-identified data collected during the trial will be made available upon reasonable request to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, after approval by the study authors, and with a signed data access agreement. Questions about data are handled by the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The members of the MIDAS study group are Peter Santer, Matthew H. Anstey, Maria D. Patrocínio, Bradley Wibrow, Bijan Teja, Denys Shay, Shahzad Shaefi, Charles S. Parsons, Timothy T. Houle, Matthias Eikermann, Kwok M. Ho, Stefan J. Schaller, Tharusan Thevathasan, Lea Albrecht, Stephanie Grabitz, Khushi Chhangani, Pauline Y. Ng, Alexander Levine, Alan DiBiasio, Robert Palmer, Erina Myers, Rashmi Rauniyar, Todd Sarge, Flora Scheffenbichler, and Alok Gupta.

Funding

This study was in part funded by philanthropic donations from Jeffrey and Judy Buzen to Matthias Eikermann: funds were allotted to support time and effort of study personnel. The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Peter Santer and Matthew H. Anstey contributed equally and share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Peter Santer, Maria D. Patrocínio, Denys Shay, Shahzad Shaefi & Matthias Eikermann

  2. Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia

    Matthew H. Anstey & Bradley Wibrow

  3. School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Matthew H. Anstey & Bradley Wibrow

  4. Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Bijan Teja

  5. Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Charles S. Parsons

  6. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Timothy T. Houle

  7. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    Matthias Eikermann

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Consortia

on behalf of the MIDAS Study Group

  • Peter Santer
  • , Matthew H. Anstey
  • , Maria D. Patrocínio
  • , Bradley Wibrow
  • , Bijan Teja
  • , Denys Shay
  • , Shahzad Shaefi
  • , Charles S. Parsons
  • , Timothy T. Houle
  • , Matthias Eikermann
  • , Kwok M. Ho
  • , Stefan J. Schaller
  • , Tharusan Thevathasan
  • , Lea Albrecht
  • , Stephanie Grabitz
  • , Khushi Chhangani
  • , Pauline Y. Ng
  • , Alexander Levine
  • , Alan DiBiasio
  • , Robert Palmer
  • , Erina Myers
  • , Rashmi Rauniyar
  • , Todd Sarge
  • , Flora Scheffenbichler
  •  & Alok Gupta

Contributions

Concept and design: MHA, TTH, ME. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: PS, MHA, MDP, BW, BT, DS, SS, CSP, TTH, ME. Drafting of the manuscript: PS, MHA, BT, ME. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: PS, MHA, MDP, BW, BT, DS, SS, CSP, TTH, ME. Statistical analysis: PS, TTH, ME. Supervision: MHA, ME. ME had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthias Eikermann.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

Matthias Eikermann has received unrestricted funds from philanthropic donors Jeffrey and Judy Buzen and grants from Merck & Co. outside of the submitted work. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the local institutional review boards at Massachusetts General Hospital (Partners Human Research Committee, #2016P002045), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital HREC, #2015-098), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Committee on Clinical Investigations, #2018P000162).

Informed consent

Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their legally authorised representatives.

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The members of the MIDAS study group are listed in “Acknowledgements”.

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Santer, P., Anstey, M.H., Patrocínio, M.D. et al. Effect of midodrine versus placebo on time to vasopressor discontinuation in patients with persistent hypotension in the intensive care unit (MIDAS): an international randomised clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 46, 1884–1893 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06216-x

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