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Intra-abdominal hypertensionand acute renal failurein critically ill patients

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Abstract

Objective

To investigate the relationship between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients.

Design and setting

Prospective, observational study in a general intensive care unit.

Patients

Patients consecutively admitted for > 24 h during a 6-month period.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and results

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured through the urinary bladder pressure measurement method. The IAH was defined as a IAP ≥12 mmHg in at least two consecutive measurements performed at 24-h intervals. The ARF was defined as the failure class of the RIFLE classification. Of 123 patients, 37 (30.1%) developed IAH. Twenty-three patients developed ARF (with an overall incidence of 19%), 16 (43.2%) in IAH and 7 (8.1%) in non-IAH group (p < 0.05). Shock (p < 0.001), IAH (p = 0.002) and low abdominal perfusion pressure (APP; p = 0.046) resulted as the best predictive factors for ARF. The optimum cut-off point of IAP for ARF development was 12 mmHg, with a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 67%. The best cut-off values of APP and filtration gradient (FG) for ARF development were 52 and 38 mmHg, respectively. Age(p = 0.002), cumulative fluid balance (p = 0.002) and shock (p = 0.006) were independent predictive factors of IAH. Raw hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with IAH; however, risk-adjusted and O/E ratio mortality rates were not different between groups.

Conclusions

In critically ill patients IAH is an independent predictive factor of ARF at IAP levels as low as 12 mmHg, although the contribution of impaired systemic haemodynamics should also be considered.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere gratitude to P. Trerotoli, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Italy, for his precious contribution to statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy

    Lidia Dalfino, Ilaria Donadio, Vincenzo Malcangi & Nicola Brienza

  2. Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 71100, Foggia, Italy

    Livio Tullo

Authors
  1. Lidia Dalfino
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  2. Livio Tullo
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  3. Ilaria Donadio
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  4. Vincenzo Malcangi
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  5. Nicola Brienza
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Correspondence to Lidia Dalfino.

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Dalfino, L., Tullo, L., Donadio, I. et al. Intra-abdominal hypertensionand acute renal failurein critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 34, 707–713 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0969-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0969-4

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