Abstract
Mineral fertilizers and organic manure are used as soil amender to enhance the mineral status of the soil. These fertilizers contain trace metals besides providing macro and micronutrients. The present study was performed to observe the effect of mineral fertilizers, poultry manure and cow manure on trace metal content of soil and various parts (root, shoot, and grains) of maize plant (Zea mays L.). The analysis of metals was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-6300 Shimadzu Japan). The highest level of Pb, Fe, Ni and Cu was observed in the root as 0.36–0.55, 70.41–83.03, 4.98–7.44 and 2.94–4.43 mg kg− 1, respectively. The highest level of Cd, Zn and Mn was determined in grains as 0.44–1.59, 28.05–46.39 and 26.24–46.57 mg kg− 1, respectively. The values of all metals were found within their permissible limit given by FAO/WHO except for the Cd. The interactive use of mineral and organic fertilizers enhanced the level of trace metals in maize as compared to their sole application. In the present findings, the health risk index for all metals was less than 1 in all treatments. So, it was concluded that the level of metals in poultry manure, cow manure and mineral fertilizer treated maize did not pose any potential threat to the consumers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad K, Nawaz K, Khan ZI, Nadeem M, Wajid K et al (2018) Effect of diverse regimes of irrigation on metals accumulation in wheat crop: an assessment-dire need of the day. Fresen Environ Bull 27(2):846–855
Ahmad K, Wajid K, Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Memoona H, Sana M, Nawaz K, Malik IS, Bashir H, Sher M (2019) Evaluation of potential toxic metals accumulation in wheat irrigated with wastewater. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102:822–828
Alghobar MA, Ramachandra L, Suresha S (2014) Effect of sewage water irrigation on soil properties and evaluation of the accumulation of elements in Grass crop in Mysore city, Karnataka, India. Am J Environ Protect 3(5):283–291
Amadi BA, Akaninwor JO, Igwe FU, Amad EI (2018) Biochemical impact of sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plant on soil properties within Port Harcourt. Environment. J Environ Anal Toxicol 8(1):1–5
Atafar Z, Mesdaghinia A, Nouri J (2010) Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environ Monit Assess 160:83–89
Awasthi SK (2000) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act no 37 of 1954. Central and State Rules as Amended for 1999. Ashoka Law House, New Delhi
Balkhair KS, Ashraf MA (2016) Field accumulation risks of heavy metals in soil and vegetable crop irrigated with sewage water in western region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 23:32–44
Bhanot K, Basher VS, Bhattacharya M, Ayyappan S, Panil KS (1991) Composted domestic refuse as manure in carp ponds national symposium on new horizons in carp ponds. National symposium on new horizons in freshwater aquaculture 1991:163–165
Bose S, Bhattacharyya AK (2008) Heavy metal accumulation in wheat plant grown in soil amended with industrial sludge. Chemosphere 70:1264–1272
Bu-Olayan AH, Tomas BV (2009) Translocation and bioaccumulation of trace metals in desert plants of Kuwait governorates. Res J Environ Sci 3(5):581–587
Dogan Y, Baslar S, Ugulu I (2014a) A study on detecting heavy metal accumulation through biomonitoring: content of trace elements in plants at Mount Kazdagi in Turkey. Appl Ecol Environ Res 12(3):627–636
Dogan Y, Unver MC, Ugulu I, Calis M, Durkan N (2014b) Heavy metal accumulation in the bark and leaves of Juglans regia planted in Artvin City, Turkey. Biotech Biotechnol Equip 28(4):643–649
FAO/WHO (2013) Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater and food stuff; Wastewater Use in Agriculture. World Health Organization, Geneva, p 988
Ghosh BN, Prakash V, Singh RD (2001) Micronutrient status in soybean (Glycine max)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system in Kumaon region of Uttaranchal. Indian J Agric Sci 71(2):149–152
Han FX, Kingery WL, Selim HM, Gerald P (2000) Accumulation of heavy metals in a long-term poultry waste-amended soil. Soil Sci 165:260–268
Jiang D, Hengsdijk H, Dai TB, de Boer W, Qi J, Cao WX (2006) Long-term effects of manure and inorganic fertilizers on yield and soil fertility for a winter wheat-maize system in Jiangsu, China. Pedosphere 16:25–32
Jorfi S, Maleki R, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahmadi M (2017) Pollution load index for heavy metals in Mian-Ab plain soil, Khuzestan, Iran. Data in Brief 15:584–590
Kacholi DS, Sahu M (2018) Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil, Water, and Vegetables of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Chemistry 2018:1–9
Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Safdar H, Ugulu I, Wajid K, Bashir H, Dogan Y (2018a) Manganese bioaccumulation and translocation of in forages grown in soil irrigated with city effluent: An evaluation on health risk. Res J Pharmaceut Biol Chem Sci 9(5):759–770
Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Umar S, Ahmad K, Mehmood N, Ashfaq A, Bashir H, Sohail M (2018b) Potential toxic metal accumulation in soil, forage and blood plasma of buffaloes sampled from Jhang, Pakistan. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 101:235–242
Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Ahmad K, Yasmeen S, Noorka IR, Mehmood N, Sher M (2018c) Assessment of trace metal and metalloid accumulation and human health risk from vegetables consumption through spinach and coriander specimens irrigated with wastewater. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 101:787–795
Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Safdar H, Ugulu I, Wajid K, Bashir H, Dogan Y (2018d) Manganese bioaccumulation and translocation of in forages grown in soil irrigated with city effluent: an evaluation on health risk. Res J Pharmaceut Biol Chem Sci 9(5):759–770
Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Sahira S, Ahmad K, Ashfaq A, Mehmood N, Dogan Y (2018e) Determination of toxic metals in fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus grown in contaminated soils with different irrigation sources by spectroscopic method. Int J Environ Res 12:503–511
Khan ZI, Safdar H, Ahmad K, Wajid K, Bashir H, Ugulu I, Dogan Y (2019a) Health risk assessment through determining bioaccumulation of iron in forages grown in soil irrigated with city effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:14277–14286
Khan ZI, Arshad N, Ahmad K, Nadeem M, Ashfaq A et al (2019b) Toxicological potential of cobalt in forage for ruminants grown in polluted soil: a health risk assessment from trace metal pollution for livestock. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:15381–15389
Khan ZI, Nisar A, Ugulu I, Ahmad K, Wajid K, Bashir H, Dogan Y (2019c) Determination of cadmium concentrations of vegetables grown in soil irrigated with wastewater: Evaluation of health risk to the public. Egypt J Bot 59(3):753–762. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejbo.2019.9969.1296
Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Rehman S, Ashfaq A, Mehmood N, Ugulu I, Dogan Y (2019d) Effect of sewage water irrigation on accumulation of metals in soil and wheat in Punjab. Pakistan Pak J Anal Environ Chem 20(1):60–66. https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2019d.06.08
Khan ZI, Safdar H, Ahmad K, Wajid K, Bashir H, Ugulu I, Dogan Y (2020) Copper bioaccumulation and translocation in forages grown in soil irrigated with sewage water. Pak J Bot 52(1):12. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2020-1
Munir M, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Wajid K, Bashir H et al (2019) Transfer of heavy metals from different sources of fertilizers in wheat variety (Galaxy-13). Asian J Biol Sci 12(4):832–841.
Nadeem M, Qureshi TM, Ugulu I, Riaz MN, An QU et al (2019) Mineral, vitamin and phenolic contents and sugar profiles of some prominent date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties of Pakistan. Pak J Bot 51(1):171–178
Olsen SR, Sommers LE (1982) Phosphorous. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 403–430
Page AL (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agron. Monogr. 9.2. Agronomy Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison
Rahimi G, Kolahchi Z, Charkhabi A (2017) Uptake and translocation of some heavy metals by rice crop (Oryza sativa) in paddy soils. Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo) 63(4):163–175
Rezig FAM, Mubarak AR, Ehadi EA (2013) Impact of organic residues and mineral fertilizer application on soil-crop system: II soil attributes. Arch Agr Soil Sci 59:1245–1261
Richard LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, vol 60. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Agriculture Handbook
Sajjad K, Farooq R, Shahbaz S, Khan MA, Sadique M (2009) Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables. World Appl Sci J 6:1602–1606
Sakizadeh M, Faraji F, Pouraghniyayi MJ (2016) Quality of Groundwater in an Area with Intensive Agricultural Activity. Exposure Health 8(1):93–105
Satpathy D, Reddy MV, Dhal SP (2014) Risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in paddy soil, plants, and grains (Oryza sativa L.) at the east coast of India. BioMed Res Int 2014:545473
Siddique S, Ahmad K, Khan ZI, Wajid K, Bashir H et al (2019) Sodium status of soil, forages, and small ruminants of Punjab, Pakistan. Pure Appl Biol 8(3):1950–1961. https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80139
Singh A, Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall FM (2010) Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food Chem Toxicol 48:611–619
Toth G, Hermann T, Da Silva MR, Montanarella L (2016) Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety. Environ Int 88:299–309
Ugulu I, Baslar S, Dogan Y, Aydin H (2009) The determination of colour intensity of Rubia tinctorum and Chrozophora tinctoria distributed in Western Anatolia. Biotech Biotechnol Equip 23(SE):410–413
Ugulu I, Baslar S (2010) The determination and fidelity level of medicinal plants used to make traditional Turkish salves. J Alternative Compl Med, 16(3): 313–322.
Ugulu I (2015a) Development and validation of an instrument for assessing attitudes of high school students about recycling. Environ Educ Res 21(6):916–942. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2014.923381
Ugulu I (2015b) Determination of heavy metal accumulation in plant samples by spectrometric techniques in Turkey. Appl Spectros Rev 50(2):113–151
Ugulu I, Unver MC, Dogan Y (2016) Determination and comparison of heavy metal accumulation level of Ficus carica bark and leaf samples in Artvin, Turkey. Oxid Commun 39(1):765–775
Ugulu I (2019) Efficacy of recycling education integrated with ecology course prepared within the context of enrichment among gifted students. Int J Educ Sci. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2019/26.1-3.1086
Ugulu I, Unver MC, Dogan Y (2019a) Potentially toxic metal accumulation and human health risk from consuming wild Urtica urens sold on the open markets of Izmir. Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr 4:36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-019-0128-7
Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Rehman S, Ahmad K, Munir M, Bashir H, Nawaz K (2019b) Trace metal accumulation in Trigonella foenum–graecum irrigated with wastewater and human health risk of metal access through the consumption. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 103:468–475
Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Rehman S, Ahmad K, Munir M, Bashir H, Nawaz K (2019c) Appraisal of trace element accumulation and human health risk from consuming field mustard (Brassica campestris Linn.) grown on soil irrigated with wastewater. Pak J Anal Environ Chem 20(2):107–114. https://doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2019.12.14
Ugulu I (2020) Gifted students’ attitudes towards science. Int J Edu Sci 28(1–3):7–14. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2020/28.1-3.1088
Unver MC, Ugulu I, Durkan N, Baslar S, Dogan Y (2015) Heavy metal contents of Malva sylvestris sold as edible greens in the local markets of Izmir. Ekoloji 24(96):13–25
USEPA (2013) Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments. Background document 1A, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 15 March 2016
Wang X, Huan GW, Tian HG, Dong SR, Yin HG, Cao XH (2007) Investigation on dietary of urban residents in Tianjin from 2000–2004, China. J Public Health 23:1245
WHO/FAO (2016) Codex Alimentarius Commission, General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (Codex Stan 193–1995), Available at: (2016) www.fao.org/input/download/standards/17/CXS_193e_2015.pdf
Yorek N, Ugulu I, Aydin H (2016) Using self-organizing neural network map combined with ward’s clustering algorithm for visualization of students’ cognitive structural models about aliveness concept. Comput Intell Neurosci Article ID 2476256, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2476256
Yu L, Yan-bin W, Xi G, Yi-Bing S, Gang W (2006) Risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetable around non-ferrous metals mining and smelting sites, Baiyin China. J Environ Sci 18(6):1124–1134
Zhang SL, Li ZJ, Liu JM, Li QH, Yang XY (2015) Long-term effects of straw and manure on crop micronutrient nutrition under a wheat-maize cropping system. J Plant Nutr 38:742–753
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wajid, K., Ahmad, K., Khan, Z.I. et al. Effect of Organic Manure and Mineral Fertilizers on Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Trace Metals in Maize. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 104, 649–657 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02841-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02841-w