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Perception of environmental problems and common mental disorders (CMD)

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Abstract

Background

In the past few years, there has been increasing interest in studying the association between problems in the neighbourhood environment and health indicators. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the perception of environmental problems by individuals and the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in Spain.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using data from a large scale national representative survey of households (the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey). Participants included in the study were aged between 16 and 64 years (n = 23,760). The dependent variable was common mental disorders assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The independent variable was the individual’s perception of environmental problems. Raw and adjusted Odds Ratios and their confidence intervals (95%) were calculated by fitting logistic regression models adjusting for age, marital status, work situation, social class, rural or urban area, country of origin, restrictions in carrying out activities of daily life due to a health problem and social support.

Results

The individuals who reported environmental problems had a higher prevalence of CMD. There was a clear increasing gradient in CMD prevalence with the increase in the number of environmental problems mentioned. Among the subjects who reported to have 1 or no environmental problem the prevalence of CMD was 11.8% (men) and 18.7% (women), and among those who mentioned 6 or more problems, the prevalence increased to 20.8% (men) and 35.4% (women). After adjusting for all the co-variables, there is an association between environmental problems and CMD (men OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08–1.66; women OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.27–1.67). The environmental problems most strongly associated with the prevalence of CMD are noise, bad smell, air pollution, and lack of green areas.

Conclusions

Our findings show that individuals who perceive environmental problems in their neighbourhood have a higher prevalence of CMD, even after adjusting for all co-variables. In addition, there is a clear increasing gradient in the prevalence of CMD with the increase in the number of environmental problems. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of CMD must be directed to improve individual and contextual risks.

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Acknowledgments

The study has been partially financed by the project PI09/90676 “Proyecto de Investigación de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, Instituto Carlos III” and by the program “Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora (Carme Borrell)” funded by the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” and “Deparatment de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya”. This article is part of the doctoral dissertation of Kátia B. Rocha conducted in the Department of Clinical and Health Psychology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Kátia Bones Rocha was supported by Programme AlBan, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Pl. Lesseps 1, 08023, Barcelona, Spain

    Kátia Rocha, Katherine Pérez, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz & Carme Borrell

  2. Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Kátia Rocha & Jordi E. Obiols

  3. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

    Katherine Pérez, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz & Carme Borrell

  4. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain

    Kátia Rocha, Katherine Pérez, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz & Carme Borrell

Authors
  1. Kátia Rocha
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  2. Katherine Pérez
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  3. Maica Rodríguez-Sanz
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  4. Jordi E. Obiols
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  5. Carme Borrell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kátia Rocha.

Additional information

K. Rocha, K. Pérez, M. Rodríguez-Sanz, J. E. Obiols, and C. Borrell contributed equally to this work.

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Rocha, K., Pérez, K., Rodríguez-Sanz, M. et al. Perception of environmental problems and common mental disorders (CMD). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47, 1675–1684 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0474-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0474-0

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