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Meta-QTLs for multiple disease resistance involving three rusts in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

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In wheat, multiple disease resistance meta-QTLs (MDR-MQTLs) and underlying candidate genes for the three rusts were identified which may prove useful for development of resistant cultivars.

Abstract

Rust diseases in wheat are a major threat to global food security. Therefore, development of multiple disease-resistant cultivars (resistant to all three rusts) is a major goal in all wheat breeding programs worldwide. In the present study, meta-QTLs and candidate genes for multiple disease resistance (MDR) involving all three rusts were identified using 152 individual QTL mapping studies for resistance to leaf rust (LR), stem rust (SR), and yellow rust (YR). From these 152 studies, a total of 1,146 QTLs for resistance to three rusts were retrieved, which included 368 QTLs for LR, 291 QTLs for SR, and 487 QTLs for YR. Of these 1,146 QTLs, only 718 QTLs could be projected onto the consensus map saturated with 2, 34,619 markers. Meta-analysis of the projected QTLs resulted in the identification of 86 MQTLs, which included 71 MDR-MQTLs. Ten of these MDR-MQTLs were referred to as the ‘Breeders’ MQTLs’. Seventy-eight of the 86 MQTLs could also be anchored to the physical map of the wheat genome, and 54 MQTLs were validated by marker-trait associations identified during earlier genome-wide association studies. Twenty MQTLs (including 17 MDR-MQTLs) identified in the present study were co-localized with 44 known R genes. In silico expression analysis allowed identification of several differentially expressed candidate genes (DECGs) encoding proteins carrying different domains including the following: NBS-LRR, WRKY domains, F-box domains, sugar transporters, transferases, etc. The introgression of these MDR loci into high-yielding cultivars should prove useful for developing high yielding cultivars with resistance to all the three rusts.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, for financial support (BT/PR21024/AGIII/103/925/2016) and (BT/NABI-Flagship/2018). Thanks are also due to Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi, for the award of the positions of INSA-Senior Scientist and INSA Honorary Scientist to HSB.

Funding

No funding was received from any source for conducting the present study.

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Author notes

  1. Neeraj Pal and Irfat Jan have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, 263145, India

    Neeraj Pal & Sundip Kumar

  2. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India

    Irfat Jan, Kuldeep Kumar, Anuj Kumar, P. K. Sharma, H. S. Balyan & P. K. Gupta

  3. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India

    Dinesh Kumar Saini

  4. Murdoch’s Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

    P. K. Gupta

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  1. Neeraj Pal
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Contributions

PKG, HSB, PKS, and SK conceived and planned this study. NP, IJ, AK, and KK collected the literature and tabulated the QTL data for meta-QTL analysis. NP, IJ, DKS prepared the input files and performed QTL projection and meta-QTL analysis. NP, IJ and DKS interpreted the results and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. PKG, HSB, PKS, and SK edited and finalized the manuscript with the help of NP, IJ and DKS.

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Correspondence to P. K. Gupta.

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Fig. S1

Distribution of the markers on the consensus map used for meta-QTL analysis in the present study. Supplementary file2 (JPG 425 kb)

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Pal, N., Jan, I., Saini, D.K. et al. Meta-QTLs for multiple disease resistance involving three rusts in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 135, 2385–2405 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04119-7

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