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Alien genes introgression and development of alien monosomic addition lines from a threatened species, Allium roylei Stearn, to Allium cepa L.

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Abstract

To produce alien monosomic addition lines (AMALs) of Allium cepa (genomes CC, 2n = 2x = 16) carrying extrachromosomes from Allium roylei (RR, 2n = 2x = 16), reciprocal backcrossing of allotriploids (2n = 24, CCR) with diploids (2n = 16, CC) and selfing of a single allotriploid were carried out. The chromosome numbers in the BC2F1 and BC1F2 progenies ranged from 16 to 32. Forty-eight plants were recorded to possess 2n = 17 among a total of 169 plants in observation. Through the analyses of isozymes, expressed sequence tag (EST) markers, and karyotypes, all eight possible types of A. cepaA. roylei monosomic addition lines (CC+1R–CC+8R) could be identified. Seven types of representative AMALs (without CC+2R) were used for the GISH analysis of somatic chromosomes. Except for CC+6R, all AMALs showed an entire (unrecombined) extrachromosome from A. roylei in the integral diploid background of A. cepa. A single recombination between A. cepa and A. roylei was observed on the extrachromosome in the remaining type. All alloplasmic AMALs possessing A. roylei cytoplasm showed high or complete pollen sterility. Only the autoplasmic CC+4R with A. cepa cytoplasm possessed relatively high pollen fertility. The bulbs of CC+4R displayed the distinct ovoid shape that discriminates them from spherical or oval ones in other AMALs. Downy mildew screening in the field showed higher resistance in A. roylei, a hypo-allotriploid (CCR-nR, 2n = 23), and an allotriploid (CCR, 2n = 24). Meanwhile, no complete resistance was found in some AMALs examined. This was the first trial toward the establishment of a complete set of A. cepaA. roylei monosomic additions.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Messrs. Atsuoki Sue, Takuji Yoshida, and Ryohei Suzuki (Takii & CO., LTD., Japan) for supplying us with valuable data of disease-resistance test. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of FY 2008 Invitation Fellowship Program for Research in Japan (Short-Term) by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science which made it possible for Prof. Ludmila Khrustaleva to carry out molecular cytogenetic experiments at Yamaguchi.

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Correspondence to Masayoshi Shigyo.

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Communicated by P. Heslop-Harrison.

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Vu, H.Q., Yoshimatsu, Y., Khrustaleva, L.I. et al. Alien genes introgression and development of alien monosomic addition lines from a threatened species, Allium roylei Stearn, to Allium cepa L.. Theor Appl Genet 124, 1241–1257 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1783-5

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