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Identification and characterization of a novel host–toxin interaction in the wheat–Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem

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Abstract

Stagonospora nodorum, casual agent of Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat, produces a number of host-selective toxins (HSTs) known to be important in disease. To date, four HSTs and corresponding host sensitivity genes have been reported, and all four host–toxin interactions are significant factors in the development of disease. Here, we describe the identification and partial characterization of a fifth S. nodorum produced HST designated SnTox4. The toxin, estimated to be 10–30 kDa in size, was found to be proteinaceous in nature. Sensitivity to SnTox4 is governed by a single dominant gene, designated Snn4, which mapped to the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A in a recombinant inbred (RI) population. The compatible Snn4–SnTox4 interaction is light dependent and results in a mottled necrotic reaction, which is different from the severe necrosis that results from other host–toxin interactions in the wheat–S. nodorum pathosystem. QTL analysis in a population of 200 RI lines derived from the Swiss winter wheat varieties Arina and Forno revealed a major QTL for SNB susceptibility that coincided with the Snn4 locus. This QTL, designated QSnb.fcu-1A, explained 41.0% of the variation in disease on leaves of seedlings indicating that a compatible Snn4–SnTox4 interaction plays a major role in the development of SNB in this population. Additional minor QTL detected on the short arms of chromosomes 2A and 3A accounted for 5.4 and 6.0% of the variation, respectively. The effects of the three QTL were largely additive, and together they explained 50% of the total phenotypic variation. These results provide further evidence that host–toxin interactions in the wheat–S. nodorum pathosystem follow an inverse gene-for-gene model.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-21000-033 and 5442-22000-037, and Swiss SNF grant 105620.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Nilwala S. Abeysekara

  2. Northern Crop Science Laboratory, USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, 1307 18th Street North, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Timothy L. Friesen & Justin D. Faris

  3. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland

    Beat Keller

Authors
  1. Nilwala S. Abeysekara
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  2. Timothy L. Friesen
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  3. Beat Keller
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  4. Justin D. Faris
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Justin D. Faris.

Additional information

Communicated by M. Sorrells.

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Abeysekara, N.S., Friesen, T.L., Keller, B. et al. Identification and characterization of a novel host–toxin interaction in the wheat–Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem. Theor Appl Genet 120, 117–126 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1163-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1163-6

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