Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Urinzytologie – Update 2013

Eine systematische Übersicht der neueren Literatur

Urine cytology – update 2013

A systematic review of recent literature

  • Übersichten
  • Published:
Der Urologe Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Urinzytologie ist ein wesentliches Element bei der Diagnose und Nachsorge von Urothelkarzinomen und findet sich in den meisten diesbezüglichen Leitlinien. Uringebundene Marker werden konkurrierend oder als Ergänzung propagiert. Auch bei der Diagnostik benigner Erkrankungen hat die Urinzytologie Bedeutung. In dieser systematischen Übersicht wird die aktuelle Literatur zur Urinzytologie seit 2010 dargestellt und diskutiert.

Abstract

Urine cytology is an important element of the diagnosis and follow-up of urothelial carcinomas and is recommended in most relevant guidelines. Urine-based marker systems are advocated as an adjunct to or a replacement of urine cytology. Urine cytology also has its place in the diagnosis of benign diseases. This systematic review describes and discusses the literature on urine cytology published since 2010.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

Literatur

  1. Abdullgaffar B, Kamal MO, Khalid M et al (2010) Can kidney posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder be detected in voided urine? A case report. Acta Cytol 54:221–224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Adhya AK, Dey P (2010) Cytologic detection of urinary tract tuberculosis. Acta Cytol 54:653–654

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Agrawal U, Mishra AK, Salgia P et al (2011) Role of tumor suppressor and angiogenesis markers in prediction of recurrence of non muscle invasive bladder cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 17:91–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aharony S, Baniel J, Yossepowitch O (2011) Clinically unconfirmed positive urinary cytology: diagnostic implications and oncological outcomes. BJU Int 108:179–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ahn JS, Kim HS, Chang SG et al (2011) The clinical usefulness of nuclear matrix protein-22 in patients with atypical urine cytology. Korean J Urol 52:603–606

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ajit D, Dighe S, Desai S (2010) Has urine cytology a role to play in the era of fluorescence in situ hybridization? Acta Cytol 54:1118–1122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Al-Maghrebi M, Kehinde EO, Kapila K et al (2012) Urinary survivin mRNA expression and urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 BladderChek® and urine cytology in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Med Princ Pract 21:295–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Alameda F, Juanpere N, Pijuan L et al (2012) Value of p16(INK4a) in the diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in urinary cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 120:276–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Albadine R, Schultz L, Illei P et al (2010) PAX8 (+)/p63 (−) immunostaining pattern in renal collecting duct carcinoma (CDC): a useful immunoprofile in the differential diagnosis of CDC versus urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract. Am J Surg Pathol 34:965–969

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ardelt P, Grunemay N, Strehl A et al (2012) LASP-1, a novel urinary marker for detection of bladder cancer. Urol Oncol (Epub ahead of print). DOI 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.02.002

  11. Arora SK, Dey P, Saikia UN (2010) Micronucleus in atypical urothelial cells. Diagn Cytopathol 38:811–813

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Arora SK, Gupta N, Nijhawan R et al (2010) Epithelioid cell granulomas in urine cytology smears: Same cause, different implications. Diagn Cytopathol 38:765–767

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Arora VK, Sarungbam J, Bhatia A et al (2010) Usefulness of NMP22 as an adjunct to a typical urine cytology and low-grade urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 38:788–790

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ayala De La Pena F, Kanasaki K, Kanasaki M et al (2011) Loss of p53 and acquisition of angiogenic microRNA profile are insufficient to facilitate progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. J Biol Chem 286:20778–20787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Azarpira N, Vasei M, Rasekhi A (2012) Plasma cell tumors with neurologic symptoms: cytological findings. Diagn Cytopathol 40:248–251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R et al (2011) EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the 2011 Update. Eur Urol 59:997–1008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bangma CH, Loeb S, Busstra M et al (2013) Outcomes of a bladder cancer screening program using home hematuria testing and molecular markers. Eur Urol 64:41–47

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bantis A, Zissimopoulos A, Sountoulides P et al (2010) Tissue polypeptide antigen in the follow-up of patients with urinary bladder cancer compared with conventional urine cytology. Hell J Nucl Med 13:213–217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Behnsawy HM, Miyake H, Abdalla MA et al (2011) Expression of cell cycle-associated proteins in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: correlation with intravesical recurrence following transurethral resection. Urol Oncol 29:495–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Beiske K, Burchill SA, Cheung IY et al (2009) Consensus criteria for sensitive detection of minimal neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow, blood and stem cell preparations by immunocytology and QRT-PCR: recommendations by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Task Force. Br J Cancer 100:1627–1637

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bellmunt J, Orsola A, Wiegel T et al (2011) Bladder cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 22(Suppl 6):45–49

    Google Scholar 

  22. Blick CG, Nazir SA, Mallett S et al (2012) Evaluation of diagnostic strategies for bladder cancer using computed tomography (CT) urography, flexible cystoscopy and voided urine cytology: results for 778 patients from a hospital haematuria clinic. BJU Int 110:84–94

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bodoor K, Ghabkari A, Jaradat Z et al (2010) FGFR3 mutational status and protein expression in patients with bladder cancer in a Jordanian population. Cancer Epidemiol 34:724–732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bolenz C, Lotan Y (2010) Translational research in bladder cancer: from molecular pathogenesis to useful tissue biomarkers. Cancer Biol Ther 10:407–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bolenz C, West AM, Ortiz N et al (2011) Urinary cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder-a flawed adjunct to cystoscopy? Urol Oncol 31(3):366–371

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Boorjian SA, Kim SP, Weight CJ et al (2011) Risk factors and outcomes of urethral recurrence following radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 60:1266–1272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Boutonnat J, Pinel N, Janbon B (2009) Urinary cytology and polyomavirus infection: a major stake for patients. Ann Pathol 29(Spec No 1):116–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bravaccini S, Casadio V, Gunelli R et al (2011) Combining cytology, TRAP assay, and FISH analysis for the detection of bladder cancer in symptomatic patients. Ann Oncol 22:2294–2298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Brems-Eskildsen AS, Zieger K, Toldbod H et al (2010) Prediction and diagnosis of bladder cancer recurrence based on urinary content of hTERT, SENP1, PPP1CA, and MCM5 transcripts. BMC Cancer 10:646

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Brien JC, Shariat SF, Herman MP et al (2010) Preoperative hydronephrosis, ureteroscopic biopsy grade and urinary cytology can improve prediction of advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol 184:69–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bubendorf L, Dalquen P, Savic S (2009) Zytologie der ableitenden Harnwege: Zwischen Zweifel und Gewissheit. Pathologe 30(Suppl 2):173–178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Burger M, vom Dorp F (2011) Nutzung von Markersystemen in der Behandlung des Harnblasenkarzinoms. Urologe 50:303–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Caraway NP, Katz RL (2010) A review on the current state of urine cytology emphasizing the role of fluorescence in situ hybridization as an adjunct to diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathol 118:175–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Caraway NP, Khanna A, Fernandez RL et al (2010) Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting urothelial carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. Cancer Cytopathol 118:259–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Castelino-Prabhu S, Ali SZ (2010) Osteoclast-rich undifferentiated carcinoma of the urinary tract: cytologic findings and literature review. Diagn Cytopathol 38:364–367

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Castillo-Martin M, Domingo-Domenech J, Karni-Schmidt O et al (2010) Molecular pathways of urothelial development and bladder tumorigenesis. Urol Oncol 28:401–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cha EK, Tirsar LA, Schwentner C et al (2012) Immunocytology is a strong predictor of bladder cancer presence in patients with painless hematuria: a multicentre study. Eur Urol 61:185–192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Chade DC, Shariat SF, Adamy A et al (2010) Clinical outcome of primary versus secondary bladder carcinoma in situ. J Urol 184:464–469

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Chade DC, Shariat SF, Godoy G et al (2010) Clinical outcomes of primary bladder carcinoma in situ in a contemporary series. J Urol 184:74–80

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Chakera A, Dyar OJ, Hughes E et al (2011) Detection of polyomavirus BK reactivation after renal transplantation using an intensive decoy cell surveillance program is cost-effective. Transplantation 92:1018–1023

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Chan ES, Ng CF, Hou SM et al (2011) Using urine microscopy and cytology for early detection of bladder cancer in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Int Urol Nephrol 43:289–294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Chandra A, Griffiths D, Mcwilliam LJ (2010) Best practice: gross examination and sampling of surgical specimens from the urinary bladder. J Clin Pathol 63:475–479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Chen N, Gong J, Zeng H et al (2011) Value of fluorescence in situ hybridization of urine exfoliative cells in diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasms. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 42:109–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Cheung IY, Barber D, Cheung N-KV (1998) Detection of microscopic neuroblastoma in marrow by histology, immunocytology, and reverse transcription-PCR of multiple molecular markers. Clin Cancer Res 4:2801–2805

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Choi HS, Lee SI, Kim DJ et al (2010) Usefulness of the NMP22 BladderChek test for screening and follow-up of bladder cancer. Korean J Urol 51:88–93

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Chou R, Dana T (2010) Screening adults for bladder cancer: a review of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med 153:461–468

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chung BH, Hong YA, Kim HG et al (2012) Clinical usefulness of BK virus plasma quantitative PCR to prevent BK virus associated nephropathy. Transpl Int 25:687–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Cimino-Mathews A, Ali SZ (2011) The clinicopathologic correlates of cellular atypia in urinary cytology of ileal neobladders. Acta Cytol 55:449–454

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Cioffi-Lavina M, Chapman-Fredricks J, Gomez-Fernandez C et al (2010) P16 expression in squamous cell carcinomas of cervix and bladder. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 18:344–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Collin-Chavagnac D, Marcais C, Billon S et al (2010) Quantitative loss of heterozygosity analysis for urothelial carcinoma detection and prognosis. Urology 76:515 511–517

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Courtade-Saïdi M, Aziza J, Collin L et al (2010) Les difficultés diagnostiques liées aux Polyomavirus en cytologie urinaire. Ann Pathol 30:176–181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Crop MJ, De Rijke YB, Verhagen PC et al (2010) Diagnostic value of urinary dysmorphic erythrocytes in clinical practice. Nephron Clin Pract 115:203–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Dubal SB, Pathuthara S, Ajit D et al (2011) Case report of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed in voided urine confirmed by CD10 immunocytochemistry. Acta Cytol 55:372–376

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Eguchi S, Yamamoto Y, Sakano S et al (2010) The loss of 8p23.3 is a novel marker for predicting progression and recurrence of bladder tumors without muscle invasion. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 200:16–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Eissa S, Swellam M, Amin A et al (2011) The clinical relevance of urine-based markers for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Med Oncol 28:513–518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Eissa S, Swellam M, Shehata H et al (2010) Expression of HYAL1 and survivin RNA as diagnostic molecular markers for bladder cancer. J Urol 183:493–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Eissa S, Zohny SF, Zekri AR et al (2010) Diagnostic value of fibronectin and mutant p53 in the urine of patients with bladder cancer: impact on clinicopathological features and disease recurrence. Med Oncol 27:1286–1294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Elias K, Svatek RS, Gupta S et al (2010) High-risk patients with hematuria are not evaluated according to guideline recommendations. Cancer 116:2954–2959

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Falebita OA, Lee G, Sweeney P (2010) Urine cytology in the evaluation of urological malignancy revisited: is it still necessary? Urol Int 84:45–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Feifer AH, Steinberg J, Tanguay S et al (2010) Utility of urine cytology in the workup of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in low-risk patients. Urology 75:1278–1282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Feng CC, Wang PH, Guan M et al (2011) Urinary BLCA-4 is highly specific for detection of bladder cancer in Chinese Han population and is related to tumour invasiveness. Folia Biol (Praha) 57:242–247

    Google Scholar 

  62. Fernandez-Acenero MJ, Cordova S, Manzarbeitia F et al (2011) Immunohistochemical profile of urothelial and small cell carcinomas of the bladder. Pathol Oncol Res 17:519–523

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Fernández MI, Parikh S, Grossman HB et al (2012) The role of FISH and cytology in upper urinary tract surveillance after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 30:821–824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Fritsche HM, Burger M, Dietmaier W et al (2010) Multicolor FISH (UroVysion) facilitates follow-up of patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Am J Clin Pathol 134:597–603

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Gakis G, Kruck S, Stenzl A (2010) Can the burden of follow-up in low-grade noninvasive bladder cancer be reduced by photodynamic diagnosis, perioperative instillations, imaging, and urine markers? Curr Opin Urol 20:388–392

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Gakis G, Schwentner C, Todenhöfer T et al (2012) Current status of molecular markers for prognostication and outcome in invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int 110:233–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Galed-Placed I, Valbuena-Ruvira L (2011) Decoy cells and malignant cells coexisting in the urine from a transplant recipient with BK virus nephropathy and bladder adenocarcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 39:933–937

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Galvan AB, Salido M, Espinet B et al (2011) A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay: a monitoring tool in the surveillance of patients with a history of non-muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma: a prospective study. Cancer Cytopathol 119:395–403

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Gaston KE, Grossman HB (2010) Proteomic assays for the detection of urothelial cancer. Methods Mol Biol 641:303–323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Giberti C, Gallo F, Schenone M et al (2010) Early results of urothelial carcinoma screening in a risk population of coke workers: urothelial carcinoma among coke workers. Biomed Environ Sci 23:300–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Glatz K, Willi N, Glatz D et al (2006) An international telecytologic quiz on urinary cytology reveals educational deficits and absence of a commonly used classification system. Am J Clin Pathol 126:294–301

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Grabskii AM, Muradian AA, Agaian MA et al (2010) Characteristic of cytopathological changes in urine after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Georgian Med News:14–18

    Google Scholar 

  73. Grossman HB (2010) Are biomarkers for bladder cancer beneficial? J Urol 183:11–12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Guan H, Rosenthal DL, Erozan YS (2011) Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder: report of a case with diagnosis suggested in urine cytology and review of literature. Diagn Cytopathol 40:997–1001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Guan H, Tatsas AD, Ali SZ (2012) Signet ring cell carcinoma in urine cytology: cytomorphologic findings and differential diagnosis. Acta Cytol 56:177–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Guo B, Che T, Shi B et al (2011) Screening and identification of specific markers for bladder transitional cell carcinoma from urine urothelial cells with suppressive subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray. Can Urol Assoc J 5:129–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Hayashi T, Sentani K, Oue N et al (2011) Desmocollin 2 is a new immunohistochemical marker indicative of squamous differentiation in urothelial carcinoma. Histopathology 59:710–721

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Hess J, Tschirdewahn S, Szarvas T et al (2011) Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase: Kombinierte endoskopische und urinzytologische Beurteilung: Lässt es sich sicher einschätzen? Urologe 50:702–705

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Higuchi TT, Fox JA, Husmann DA (2011) Annual endoscopy and urine cytology for the surveillance of bladder tumors after enterocystoplasty for congenital bladder anomalies. J Urol 186:1791–1795

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hodges KB, Lopez-Beltran A, Emerson RE et al (2010) Clinical utility of immunohistochemistry in the diagnoses of urinary bladder neoplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 18:401–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Horstmann M, Bontrup H, Hennenlotter J et al (2010) Clinical experience with survivin as a biomarker for urothelial bladder cancer. World J Urol 28:399–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Horstmann M, Patschan O, Hennenlotter J et al (2009) Combinations of urine-based tumour markers in bladder cancer surveillance. Scand J Urol Nephrol 43:461–466

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Hosseini J, Golshan AR, Mazloomfard MM et al (2012) Detection of recurrent bladder cancer: NMP22 test or urine cytology? Urol J 9:367–372

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Huang WT, Li LY, Pang J et al (2012) Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay detects upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in patients with asymptomatic hematuria and negative urine cytology. Neoplasma 59:355–360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Huber S, Schwentner C, Taeger D et al (2012) Nuclear matrix protein-22: a prospective evaluation in a population at risk for bladder cancer. Results from the UroScreen study. BJU Int 110:699–708

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Humphrey PA (2011) Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary tract. J Urol 186:1071–1072

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Humphrey PA (2012) Urothelial carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol 187:1057–1058

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hüppe P, Wawroschek F (2011) Methodik und aktueller Stellenwert der Mikrohämaturiediagnostik. Urologe 50:287–291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Iwa N, Ito S, Takegaki Y et al (2013) Cytologic features of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 41:536–541

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Jacobs BL, Lee CT, Montie JE (2010) Bladder cancer in 2010: how far have we come? CA Cancer J Clin 60:244–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Jang SM, Na W, Jun YJ et al (2010) Primary vesical actinomycosis diagnosed by routine urine cytology. Acta Cytol 54:658–659

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Jazaerly T, Jaratli H, Jacques SM et al (2011) Small cell carcinoma of the ovary presenting in a urine cytology specimen: a case report. Acta Cytol 55:291–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Johannes JR, Nelson E, Bibbo M et al (2010) Voided urine fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for upper tract urothelial carcinoma surveillance. J Urol 184:879–882

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Jovanovic M, Soldatovic I, Janjic A et al (2011) Diagnostic value of the nuclear matrix protein 22 test and urine cytology in upper tract urothelial tumors. Urol Int 87:134–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Jungmann O, Zumbé J (2009) Auf Spurensuche im Urin. Uro-News 9:29–36

    Google Scholar 

  96. Kakiashvili DM, van Rhijn BW, Trottier G et al (2011) Long-term follow-up of T1 high-grade bladder cancer after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin treatment. BJU Int 107:540–546

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kamat AM, Dickstein RJ, Messetti F et al (2012) Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to predict response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for bladder cancer: results of a prospective trial. J Urol 187:862–867

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Karl A, Tritschler S, Staehler M et al (2011) Bladder cancer–symptoms and diagnosis. MMW Fortschr Med 153:38–42

    Google Scholar 

  99. Karnwal A, Venegas R, Shuch B et al (2010) The role of fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Can J Urol 17:5077–5081

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Kehinde EO, Al-Mulla F, Kapila K et al (2011) Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology, urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 and multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in the detection of bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol 45:113–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Kim TS, Rhew HY, Hwang HY (2011) Pilot study of the clinical significance of serum and urinary her-2/neu protein in bladder cancer patients. Korean J Urol 52:815–818

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Klatte T, Belldegrun AS, Pantuck AJ (2008) The role of carbonic anhydrase IX as a molecular marker for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. BJU Int 101(Suppl 4):45–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Knüchel-Clarke R, Dahl E, Gaisa NT et al (2010) Stand des Wissens zur molekularen Pathologie des Urothelkarzinoms. Pathologe 31(Suppl 2):234–238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Kompier LC, Lurkin I, van der Aa MN et al (2010) FGFR3, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutations in bladder cancer and their potential as biomarkers for surveillance and therapy. PLoS One 5:13821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Ku JH, Godoy G, Amiel GE et al (2012) Urine survivin as a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer: a systematic review. BJU Int 110:630–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Kundal VK, Pandith AA, Hamid A et al (2010) Role of NMP22 Bladder Check Test in early detection of bladder cancer with recurrence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 11:1279–1282

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Lai Y, Ye J, Chen J et al (2010) UPK3A: a promising novel urinary marker for the detection of bladder cancer. Urology 76:514–511

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Larre S, Camparo P, Comperat E et al (2011) Diagnostic, staging, and grading of urothelial carcinomas from urine: performance of BCA-1, a mini-array comparative genomic hybridisation-based test. Eur Urol 59:250–257

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Laucirica R, Bentz JS, Souers RJ et al (2010) Do liquid-based preparations of urinary cytology perform differently than classically prepared cases? Observations from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 134:19–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Laudano MA, Barlow LJ, Murphy AM et al (2010) Long-term clinical outcomes of a phase I trial of intravesical docetaxel in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer refractory to standard intravesical therapy. Urology 75:134–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Leblanc RE, Maleki Z (2013) Herpes simplex viral cytopathic effect in urine cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 41:61–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Li HX, Li M, Li CL et al (2010) ImmunoCyt and cytokeratin 20 immunocytochemistry as adjunct markers for urine cytologic detection of bladder cancer: a prospective study. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 32:45–52

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Lindemann-Docter K, Gaisa NT, Smeets D et al (2011) Urine markers with special regard to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Urologe 50:297–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Lintula S, Hotakainen K (2010) Developing biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring of bladder cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 10:1169–1180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Loghavi S, Bose S (2011) Polyomavirus infection and urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 39:531–535

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Losell K, Zendehrokh N, Solding I et al (2010) Comparison of liquid-based cytology and conventional filter preparations in urine: a possible serious pitfall. Acta Cytol 54:114–117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Lotan Y, Shariat SF, Schmitz-Dräger BJ et al (2010) Considerations on implementing diagnostic markers into clinical decision making in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 28:441–448

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Madeb R, Golijanin D, Knopf J et al (2010) Long-term outcome of patients with a negative work-up for asymptomatic microhematuria. Urology 75:20–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Mai KT, Teo I, Robertson SJ et al (2009) Immunostaining as a diagnostic aid in cytopathologic study of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Acta Cytol 53:611–618

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Maia TM, Silva SF, Silva SL et al (2011) Polyomavirus-infected decoy cells in cytocentrifuged urine cytology specimens from renal transplant recipients. Acta Cytol 55:445–448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Malhotra K, Sharma S (2012) Urine cytology in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Diagn Cytopathol 40:804–805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Mao L, Schoenberg MP, Scicchitano M et al (1996) Molecular detection of primary bladder cancer by microsatellite analysis. Science 271:659–662

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Marshall VF, Seybolt JF (1977) Early detection but delayed appearance of a bladder tumor. J Urol 118:175–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Martinez-Giron R, Gonzalez-Lopez JR (2012) Uncommon fungal contamination in urine cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 40:234–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Matsushima M, Kikuchi E, Hasegawa M et al (2010) Clinical impact of bladder biopsies with TUR-BT according to cytology results in patients with bladder cancer: a case control study. BMC Urol 10:12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. May M, Brookman-Amissah S, Roigas J et al (2010) Prognostic accuracy of individual uropathologists in noninvasive urinary bladder carcinoma: a multicentre study comparing the 1973 and 2004 World Health Organisation classifications. Eur Urol 57:850–858

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. McConkey DJ, Lee S, Choi W et al (2010) Molecular genetics of bladder cancer: Emerging mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Urol Oncol 28:429–440

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. McKnight R, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT (2011) Fascin stain as a potential marker of invasiveness in carcinomas of the urinary bladder: a retrospective study with biopsy and cytology correlation. Diagn Cytopathol 39:635–640

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Mehta T, Sanaei-Ardekani M, Farooqi A et al (2011) The utility of cytodiagnostic urinalysis as a tool to diagnose kidney allograft dysfunction in the era lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy. Transplant Proc 43:3679–3685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Melicow MM, Hollowell JW (1952) Intra-urothelial cancer: carcinoma in situ, Bowen’s disease of the urinary system: discussion of thirty cases. J Urol 68:763–772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Melissourgos ND, Kastrinakis NG, Skolarikos A et al (2005) Cytokeratin-20 immunocytology in voided urine exhibits greater sensitivity and reliability than standard cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 66:536–541

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Messer J, Shariat SF, Brien JC et al (2011) Urinary cytology has a poor performance for predicting invasive or high-grade upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int 108:701–705

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Metzgeroth G, Kuhn C, Schultheis B et al (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of cytology and immunocytology in carcinomatous effusions. Cytopathology 19:205–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Mezzasoma L, Antognelli C, Del Buono C et al (2010) Expression and biological-clinical significance of hTR, hTERT and CKS2 in washing fluids of patients with bladder cancer. BMC Urol 10:17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Mian C, Mazzoleni G, Vikoler S et al (2010) Fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumours. Eur Urol 58:288–292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Mihovilovic K, Kardum-Skelin I, Ljubanovic D et al (2010) Urine immunocytology as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for acute kidney rejection: a single center experience. Coll Antropol 34:63–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Mimura A, Sakuma T, Furuta M et al (2010) Sarcomatoid collecting duct carcinoma of kidney diagnosed with urine and renal pelvic lavage cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 38:603–606

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Mishriki SF, Vint R, Somani BK (2012) Half of visible and half of recurrent visible hematuria cases have underlying pathology: prospective large cohort study with long-term followup. J Urol 187:1561–1565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Miyamoto H, Brimo F, Schultz L et al (2010) Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic analysis of a post-World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification cohort from a single academic center. Arch Pathol Lab Med 134:1160–1163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Mokhtar GA, Al-Dousari M, Al-Ghamedi D (2010) Diagnostic significance of atypical category in the voided urine samples: A retrospective study in a tertiary care center. Urol Ann 2:100–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Moll R, Divo M, Langbein L (2008) The human keratins: biology and pathology. Histochem Cell Biol 129:705–733

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Mowatt G, Zhu S, Kilonzo M et al (2010) Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis and urine biomarkers (FISH, ImmunoCyt, NMP22) and cytology for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer. Health Technol Assess 14:1–331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Mu DW, Zhou LQ, Ding Y et al (2010) Clinical utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization improves the sensitivity in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao 42:381–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Murphy AB, Taylor AK, Nadler RB (2010) Prostatitis: predictive value of post-massage urine leukocyte count for AIP. Nat Rev Urol 7:65–66

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Murphy WM (2006) What’s the trouble with cytology? J Urol 176:2343–2346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Mustafa M, Pancaroglu K (2011) Urine cytology to evaluate urinary urothelial damage of shock-wave lithotripsy. Urol Res 39:223–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Nasterlack M, Feil G, Leng G et al (2011) Das Screening von Harnblasenkarzinomen mittels urinbasierter Tumormarker – Erfahrungen aus der Arbeitsmedizin. Aktuelle Urol 42:128–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Nawroth R, Hartmann A, Olbert PJ et al (2011) Blasenkarzinom – Update: Was gab es Neues auf dem Jahreskongress 2010 der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Urologie in Düsseldorf? Urologe 50:221–226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Netto GJ (2012) Molecular biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: are we there yet? Nat Rev Urol 9:41–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Niedworok C, Rembrink V, Hakenberg OW et al (2009) Stellenwert der Urinzytologie in der Diagnostik von High-grade-Urotheltumoren. Urologe 48:1018–1024

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Niegisch G, Koch A, Knievel J et al (2010) Signaltransduktion im Urothelkarzinom: Wie genau kennen wir die Ziele für eine zielgerichtete Therapie? Urologe 49:1401–1405

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Nohara T, Sakai A, Fuse H et al (2009) Metastatic malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder: a case report. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 100:707–711

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Norimatsu Y, Kawanishi N, Shigematsu Y et al (2010) Use of liquid-based preparations in urine cytology: An evaluation of Liqui-PREP and BD SurePath. Diagn Cytopathol 38:702–704

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Odisho AY, Berry AB, Ahmad AE et al (2013) Reflex ImmunoCyt testing for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in patients with atypical urine cytology. Eur Urol 63:936–940

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Offersen BV, Knap MM, Horsman MR et al (2010) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 measured in urine from bladder cancer patients is an independent prognostic marker of poor survival. Acta Oncol 49:1283–1287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Oǧuztüzün S, Sezgin Y, Yazıcı S et al (2011) Expression of glutathione-S-transferases isoenzymes and p53 in exfoliated human bladder cancer cells. Urol Oncol 29:538–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Ohsaki H, Hirakawa E, Kagawa K et al (2010) Value of computer-assisted quantitative nuclear morphometry for differentiation of reactive renal tubular cells from low-grade urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology 21:334–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Ohsaki H, Hirakawa E, Kushida Y et al (2010) Can cytological features differentiate reactive renal tubular cells from low-grade urothelial carcinoma cells? Cytopathology 21:326–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Ohsaki H, Hirakawa E, Nakamura M et al (2011) Expression of vimentin and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (clone 34ssE12) in differentiating reactive renal tubular cells from low-grade urothelial carcinoma cells in voided urine. Cytopathology 22:247–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Ohsaki H, Hirouchi T, Hayashi N et al (2013) Diagnostic value of urine erythrocyte morphology in the detection of glomerular disease in SurePath liquid-based cytology compared with fresh urine sediment examination. Cytopathology 24:52–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Okajima E, Fujimoto H, Mizutani Y et al (2010) Cancer death from non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: report of the Japanese Urological Association of data from the 1999–2001 registry in Japan. Int J Urol 17:905–912

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Oshiro H, Gomi K, Nagahama K et al (2010) Urinary cytologic features of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report. Acta Cytol 54:303–310

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Otto W, Shariat SF, Fritsche HM et al (2011) Concomitant carcinoma in situ as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter analysis of 772 patients. World J Urol 29:487–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Pal K, Roy S, Mondal SA et al (2011) Urinary level of CA19–9 as a tumor marker in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol J 8:203–208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Papanicolaou GN, Marshall VF (1945) Urine sediment smears as a diagnostic procedure in cancers of the urinary tract. Science 101:519–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Parker J, Spiess PE (2011) Current and emerging bladder cancer urinary biomarkers. ScientificWorldJournal 11:1103–1112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Patel NS, Blick C, Kumar PV et al (2009) The diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound, urine cytology and prostate-specific antigen testing in the lower urinary tract symptoms clinic. Int J Clin Pract 63:1734–1738

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Pavlov IY, Shihab F, Delgado JC (2011) Urine TGF- beta1 assay validation: spinning down urine samples could diminish TGF-beta1 signal. Clin Lab 57:1027–1029

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Payton S (2012) Bladder cancer: LASP-1-a promising urine marker for detection of bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 9:240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Perazella MA, Coca SG, Hall IE et al (2010) Urine microscopy is associated with severity and worsening of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:402–408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Pesch B, Nasterlack M, Eberle F et al (2011) The role of haematuria in bladder cancer screening among men with former occupational exposure to aromatic amines. BJU Int 108:546–552

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Piaton E, Vordos D, Collin-Chavagnac D et al (2010) Cytologie urinaire et marqueurs moleculaires. Ann Pathol 30:112–114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Pignot G, Bieche I, Vacher S et al (2009) Large-scale real-time reverse transcription-PCR approach of angiogenic pathways in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: identification of VEGFA as a major independent prognostic marker. Eur Urol 56:678–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Pillai KR, Jayasree K, Pisharody R et al (2010) Decoy cells in the urine cytology of a renal transplant recipient: an immunohistochemical study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53:347–350

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Proctor I, Stoeber K, Williams GH (2010) Biomarkers in bladder cancer. Histopathology 57:1–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Protzel C, Hakenberg OW (2010) Molecular markers in the diagnostics and therapy of urothelial cancer. Urologe 49:1415–1424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Raisi O, Magnani C, Bigiani N et al (2012) The diagnostic reliability of urinary cytology: a retrospective study. Diagn Cytopathol 40:608–614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Raitanen M-P, Aine R, Rintala E et al (2002) Differences between local and review urinary cytology in diagnosis of bladder cancer. An interobserver multicenter analysis. Eur Urol 41:284–289

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Raspollini MR, Comin CE, Crisci A et al (2010) The use of placental S100 (S100P), GATA3 and napsin A in the differential diagnosis of primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder and bladder metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung. Pathologica 102:33–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Ratanajaraya C, Nishiyama H, Takahashi M et al (2011) A polymorphism of the POLG2 gene is genetically associated with the invasiveness of urinary bladder cancer in Japanese males. J Hum Genet 56:572–576

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Rathert M (2011) CellPrint in the diagnostics of urothelial carcinoma – an alternative to the cytocentrifuge? In: 27. Tagung der DGZ. Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Mannheim, S 115–116

  182. Rathert P (2003) Urinzytologie beim Harnblasenkarzinom: Kritische Wertung. Urologe 42:908–911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Rathert P, Rathert M (2011) The wrong „wrong positive“ urine cytology report. In: 27. Tagung der DGZ. Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Mannheim, S 113–114

  184. Rathert P, Roth S (2007) Urinzytologie – Praxis und Atlas, 4. Ausg. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  185. Renshaw AA (2010) UroVysion, urine cytology, and the College of American Pathologists: where should we go from here? Arch Pathol Lab Med 134:1106–1107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Reuschenbach M, Clad A, Von Knebel Doeberitz C et al (2010) Performance of p16INK4a-cytology, HPV mRNA, and HPV DNA testing to identify high grade cervical dysplasia in women with abnormal screening results. Gynecol Oncol 119:98–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Rink M, Chun FK, Minner S et al (2011) Detection of circulating tumour cells in peripheral blood of patients with advanced non-metastatic bladder cancer. BJU Int 107:1668–1675

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Rosser CJ, Nakamura K, Pendleton J et al (2010) Utility of serial urinalyses and urinary cytology in the evaluation of patients with microscopic haematuria. West Afr J Med 29:384–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Rouprêt M, Wallerand H, Traxer O et al (2010) Checkup and management of upper urinary tract tumours in 2010: an update from the committee of cancer from the French National Association of Urology. Prog Urol 20:260–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Rouprêt M, Zigeuner R, Palou J et al (2011) European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas: 2011 Update. Eur Urol 59:584–594

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Saint F, Quintens H, Rouprêt M et al (2011) Diagnostic test for bladder cancer: the NMP22(R). Prog Urol 21:245–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Sakamoto Y, Nishioka J, Noma K et al (2011) Usefulness of survivin/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ratio in urine exfoliated cells for the detection of bladder tumor. Rinsho Byori 59:446–451

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Sakuma T, Furuta M, Mimura A et al (2011) Urine cytology of micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Diagn Cytopathol 39:852–856

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Savic S, Zlobec I, Thalmann GN et al (2009) The prognostic value of cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in the follow-up of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Int J Cancer 124:2899–2904

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Schlomer BJ, Ho R, Sagalowsky A et al (2010) Prospective validation of the clinical usefulness of reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in patients with atypical cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 183:62–67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Tirsar LA, Schmitz-Dräger C et al (2010) Rolle der Immunzytologie in der Abklärung von Patienten mit schmerzloser Makrohämaturie. Urologe 49:741–746

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Schwalb DM, Herr HW, Fair WR (1993) The management of clinically unconfirmed positive urinary cytology. J Urol 150:1751–1756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Selvaggi SM (2010) Cytologic detection of concurrent infectious agents in urines from renal transplant patients. Diagn Cytopathol 38:549–550

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Seripa D, Parrella P, Gallucci M et al (2001) Sensitive detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by microsatellite analysis of cells exfoliated in urine. Int J Cancer 95:364–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Serizawa RR, Ralfkiaer U, Steven K et al (2011) Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of bladder cancer reveals an additive diagnostic value of FGFR3 mutations and hypermethylation events. Int J Cancer 129:78–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Shan Z, Wu P, Zheng S et al (2010) Evaluation of upper urinary tract tumors by FISH in Chinese patients. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 203:238–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Shariat SF, Chade DC, Karakiewicz PI et al (2010) Combination of multiple molecular markers can improve prognostication in patients with locally advanced and lymph node positive bladder cancer. J Urol 183:68–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. Shariat SF, Savage C, Chromecki TF et al (2011) Assessing the clinical benefit of nuclear matrix protein 22 in the surveillance of patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer and negative cytology: a decision-curve analysis. Cancer 117:2892–2897

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Shenoy SP, Marla PK, Tantry TP (2011) Re: Feifer et al.: utility of urine cytology in workup of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in low-risk patients. Urology 77:513–514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  205. Shidham VB (2007) Appendix II: immunocytochemistry of effusions – processing and commonly used immunomarkers. In: Shidham VB, Atkinson BF (Hrsg.) Cytopathologic diagnosis of serous fluids. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 237–258

  206. Shimada K, Fujii T, Anai S et al (2011) ROS generation via NOX4 and its utility in the cytological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. BMC Urol 11:22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Shin YS, Kim SD, Cha JS et al (2011) Clinical significance of immediate urine cytology after transurethral resection of bladder tumor in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Int J Urol 18:439–443

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Siddappa S, Mythri K, Kowsalya R (2012) Cytological findings in routine voided urine samples with hematuria from a tertiary care center in south India. J Cytol 29:16–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  209. Siddins MT, Wong VV, Fitzgerald JT et al (2011) Challenges in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: lessons from a regional review. ANZ J Surg 81:889–894

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  210. Singh HK, Donna Thompson B, Nickeleit V (2009) Viral Haufen are urinary biomarkers of polyomavirus nephropathy: new diagnostic strategies utilizing negative staining electron microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol 33:222–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Skoog L, Tani E (2011) Immunocytochemistry: an indispensable technique in routine cytology. Cytopathology 22:215–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Smith GD, Bentz JS (2010) „FISHing“ to detect urinary and other cancers: validation of an imaging system to aid in interpretation. Cancer Cytopathol 118:56–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Smrkolj T, Mihelic M, Sedlar A et al (2011) Performance of nuclear matrix protein 22 urine marker and voided urine cytology in the detection of urinary bladder tumors. Clin Chem Lab Med 49:311–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Soloway MS, Garcia-Roig M, Gorin MA et al (2011) How can we improve outcomes for upper tract urothelial carcinoma? Eur Urol 61:254–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Sommerauer M, Jocham D, Laturnus JM (2012) Das nicht muskelinvasive Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase: Neuigkeiten in der Diagnostik und Therapie. Urologe 51:791–797

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Song MJ, Lee HM, Kim SH (2010) Clinical usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 198:144–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Srinivasan M, Sedmak D, Jewell S (2002) Effect of fixatives and tissue processing on the content and integrity of nucleic acids. Am J Pathol 161:1961–1971

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Srivastava R, Arora VK, Aggarwal S et al (2011) Cytokeratin-20 immunocytochemistry in voided urine cytology and its comparison with nuclear matrix protein-22 and urine cytology in the detection of urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 10.1002/dc.21617

  219. Steiner G, Schoenberg MP, Linn JF et al (1997) Detection of bladder cancer recurrence by microsatellite analysis of urine. Nat Med 3:621–624

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Sternberg I, Rona R, Olsfanger S et al (2011) The clinical significance of class III (suspicious) urine cytology. Cytopathology 22:329–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Stoll LM, Johnson MW, Rosenthal DL (2011) High-grade prostatic sarcoma seen in a catheterized urine specimen: case report and differential diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol 39:762–766

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Straub J, Strittmatter F, Karl A et al (2012) Ureterorenoscopic biopsy and urinary cytology according to the 2004 WHO classification underestimate tumor grading in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.12.021

  223. Strittmatter F, Buchner A, Karl A et al (2011) Individual learning curve reduces the clinical value of urinary cytology. Clin Genitourin Cancer 9:22–26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  224. Sullivan PS, Chan JB, Levin MR et al (2010) Urine cytology and adjunct markers for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer. Am J Transl Res 2:412–440

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Szarvas T, Singer BB, Becker M et al (2011) Urinary matrix metalloproteinase-7 level is associated with the presence of metastasis in bladder cancer. BJU Int 107:1069–1073

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Tahoun NS, Abdel Maksoud AM, Mohamed DB (2010) Evaluation of the value of combined urine cytology and cystoscopy for follow-up of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 22:105–111

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  227. Takada S, Yoshikawa M, Hosokawa Y et al (2010) Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder detected by urinary cytology: a case report. Hinyokika Kiyo 56:173–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  228. Takao A, Saika T, Uehara S et al (2010) Indications for ureteropyeloscopy based on radiographic findings and urine cytology in detection of upper urinary tract carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 40:1087–1091

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. Tapia C, Glatz K, Obermann EC et al (2011) Evaluation of chromosomal aberrations in patients with benign conditions and reactive changes in urinary cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 119:404–410

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  230. Tauber S, Brunken C, Vierbuchen M (2011) Vorkommen einer p16INK4a-Expression in Zytologien der Harnblase: Ein neuer Weg zur Früherkennung und Verlaufskontrolle beim Urothelkarzinom. Urologe 50:1130–1133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Terada T (2010) Primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter: a case report involving immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analyses of KIT and PDGFRA genes. Pathology 42:101–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Thiryayi SA, Rana DN (2012) Urine cytopathology: challenges, pitfalls, and mimics. Diagn Cytopathol 40:1019–1034

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Tilki D, Burger M, Dalbagni G et al (2011) Urine markers for detection and surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol 60:484–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  234. Tilki D, Singer BB, Shariat SF et al (2010) CEACAM1: a novel urinary marker for bladder cancer detection. Eur Urol 57:648–654

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Todenhöfer T, Hennenlotter J, Kuhs U et al (2012) Influence of urinary tract instrumentation and inflammation on the performance of urine markers for the detection of bladder cancer. Urology 79:620–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  236. Todenhöfer T, Hennenlotter J, Witstruk M et al (2012) Influence of renal excretory function on the performance of urine based markers to detect bladder cancer. J Urol 187:68–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  237. Tritschler S, Karl A, Sommer ML et al (2010) Influence of clinical information on the interpretation of urinary cytology in bladder cancer: how suggestible is a cytologist? BJU Int 106:1165–1168

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  238. Tritschler S, Sommer ML, Straub J et al (2010) Urinary cytology in era of fluorescence endoscopy: redefining the role of an established method with a new reference standard. Urology 76:677–680

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  239. Tschirdewahn S, Boergermann C, Becker M et al (2009) Urinzytologische Diagnostik vor dem Hintergrund der neuen histopathologischen Klassifikation. Urologe 48:615–618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Tschirdewahn S, vom Dorp F, Rübben H et al (2011) Exfoliative Urinzytologie in der Behandlung der Harnblasenkarzinoms. Urologe 50:292–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Turco P, Houssami N, Bulgaresi P et al (2011) Is conventional urinary cytology still reliable for diagnosis of primary bladder carcinoma? Accuracy based on data linkage of a consecutive clinical series and cancer registry. Acta Cytol 55:193–196

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. Tyler KL, Selvaggi SM (2011) Morphologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma on ThinPrep(R) urinary cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 39:101–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. Ud Din N, Qureshi A, Mansoor S (2011) Utility of p63 immunohistochemical stain in differentiating urothelial carcinomas from adenocarcinomas of prostate. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 54:59–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  244. Ukimura O (2010) Editorial comment to the clinical significance of urine cytology after a radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer. Int J Urol 17:532–533

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  245. van der Aa MN, Steyerberg EW, Bangma C et al (2010) Cystoscopy revisited as the gold standard for detecting bladder cancer recurrence: diagnostic review bias in the randomized, prospective CEFUB trial. J Urol 183:76–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  246. van Rhijn BWG, van der Poel HG, van der Kwast TH (2009) Cytology and urinary markers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Eur Urol 8(Suppl):536–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  247. Vidas Z, Misić M, Pacić A et al (2010) The value of urinary decoy cells finding in patients with kidney transplantation. Coll Antropol 34:153–157

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  248. Vojtusek IK, Gracin S, Knotek M et al (2010) First documented case of BK nephropathy in kidney transplant recipient in Croatia: usage of urine cytology in evaluation process. Coll Antropol 34:255–259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  249. vom Dorp F, Eisenhardt A, Goebell PJ et al (2009) Harnblasenkarzinom. In: Rübben H (Hrsg) Uroonkologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 395–476

  250. vom Dorp F, Pal P, Tschirdewahn S et al (2011) Correlation of pathological and cytological-cytometric grading of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. Urol Int 86:36–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  251. vom Dorp F, Tschirdewahn S, Rübben H (2011) Reevaluation of former G2 urothelial carcinomas in high and low grade tumours by combined cytology and cytometry. In: 27. Tagung der DGZ. Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Mannheim, S 117–118

  252. Voulgaris E, Pentheroudakis G, Pappa L et al (2011) Positive urinary cytology in patients with lung cancer in the absence of obvious urine tract metastases. Lung Cancer 73:51–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Vrooman OP, Witjes JA (2010) Follow-up of patients after curative bladder cancer treatment: guidelines vs. practice. Curr Opin Urol 20:437–442

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  254. Vrooman OP, Witjes JA (2008) Urinary markers in bladder cancer. Eur Urol 53:909–916

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  255. Washiya K, Sato T, Miura T et al (2011) Cytologic difference between benignity and malignancy in suspicious cases employing urine cytodiagnosis using a liquid-based method. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 33:169–174

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  256. Whitson JM, Berry AB, Carroll PR et al (2009) UroVysion testing can lead to early identification of intravesical therapy failure in patients with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Int Braz J Urol 35:664–671

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  257. Whitworth SA, Subhawong AP, Rosenthal DL et al (2012) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract: cytopathologic characteristics and differential diagnoses. Cancer Cytopathol 120(5):308–312

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  258. Wild PJ, Fuchs T, Stoehr R et al (2009) Detection of urothelial bladder cancer cells in voided urine can be improved by a combination of cytology and standardized microsatellite analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:1798–1806

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Williamson SR, Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A et al (2010) Diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: the state of the art. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 76:112–126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  260. Xu C, Zeng Q, Hou J et al (2011) Utility of a modality combining FISH and cytology in upper tract urothelial carcinoma detection in voided urine samples of Chinese patients. Urology 77:636–641

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  261. Yamada Y, Enokida H, Kojima S et al (2011) MiR-96 and miR-183 detection in urine serve as potential tumor markers of urothelial carcinoma: correlation with stage and grade, and comparison with urinary cytology. Cancer Sci 102:522–529

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Yamaguchi T, Kuroda N, Imamura Y et al (2010) Imprint cytologic features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma morphologically resembling renal oncocytoma: is this an oncocytic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma? Diagn Cytopathol 38:509–513

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  263. Ye YK, Bi XC, He HC et al (2010) CK20 and Ki-67 as significant prognostic factors in human bladder carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 10:153–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Yoo JH, Suh B, Park TS et al (2010) Analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization, mtDNA quantification, and mtDNA sequence for the detection of early bladder cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 198:107–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Yoshimine S, Kikuchi E, Matsumoto K et al (2010) The clinical significance of urine cytology after a radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer. Int J Urol 17:527–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  266. Youssef RF, Schlomer BJ, Ho R et al (2010) Role of fluorescence in situ hybridization in bladder cancer surveillance of patients with negative cytology. Urol Oncol 30:273–277

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  267. Zeng Z, Zhou XJ (2010) Detection of bladder cancer by FISH test: a meta-analysis. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 39:75–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  268. Zhu YP, Shen YJ, Ye DW et al (2012) Narrow-band imaging flexible cystoscopy in the detection of clinically unconfirmed positive urine cytology. Urol Int 88:84–87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  269. Zuiverloon TC, Nieuweboer AJ, Vekony H et al (2012) Markers predicting response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in high-risk bladder cancer patients: a systematic review. Eur Urol 61:128–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  270. Zuiverloon TC, van der Aa MN, van der Kwast TH et al (2010) Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation analysis on voided urine for surveillance of patients with low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16:3011–3018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Böhm, F. vom Dorp, M. Schostak und O.W. Hakenberg geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Consortia

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Böhm.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Böhm, M., vom Dorp, F., Schostak, M. et al. Urinzytologie – Update 2013. Urologe 52, 1207–1224 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-013-3301-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-013-3301-7

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords