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Charakterisierung des EGF-Rezeptorstatus beim Peniskarzinom

Retrospektive Auswertung der Krankheitsverläufe von 45 Patienten

Characterization of the EGF receptor status in penile cancer

Retrospective analysis of the course of the disease in 45 patients

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Therapieerfolge bei metastasierten Plattenepithelkarzinomen sind schlecht. Bei vermehrt nachgewiesener EGF-Rezeptorexpression setzte man bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren und dem nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom bereits gegen den EGF-Rezeptor gerichtete Targets in Kombination mit einer Chemotherapie oder Radiatio ein und konnte teilweise eine deutliche Verbesserung des Tumoransprechens wie auch eine Verlängerung des Überlebens erzielen. Beim Peniskarzinom gibt es bisher keine Untersuchung zum Rezeptorstatus. Retrospektiv untersuchten wir daher unser Patientengut der letzten 14 Jahren hinsichtlich der EGFR-Expression und stellten dieser den klinischen Verlauf der Patienten gegenüber.

Patienten und Methoden

In die klinische Auswertung gingen 45 Patienten ein, die im Zeitraum von 1990–2004 primär oder sekundär an der Urologischen Universitätsklinik Essen behandelt wurden. Von 44 Patienten standen histologische Blöcke des Primärtumors, von Metastasen oder beidem zur Verfügung. Mittels immunhistochemischer EGFR-Färbung erfolgte der Nachweis der Antigenexpression.

Ergebnisse

Primär ohne lymphogene Metastasierung waren 25 Patienten (6-mal cN0 und 19-mal pN0), während 20 Patienten primär pathologisch gesicherte Lymphknotenmetastasen aufwiesen, 3 zudem hämatogene Filiae. Von 42 Patienten mit Verlauf leben 18, davon hatten nur 3 primär einen Lymphknotenbefall. Sie erhielten nach der Resektion eine adjuvante Chemotherapie. Von den restlichen 15 primären N0-Patienten entwickelten 4 im Verlauf ein lymphogenes Rezidiv, das ebenfalls operiert wurde und in 3 Fällen adjuvant chemotherapiert wurde. 24 Patienten sind verstorben, 22 davon am Peniskarzinom; 16 der 22 Patienten hatten primär einen Lymphknotenbefall, 5 zudem einen ausgedehnten Lokalbefund. Auch hier bestand die Behandlung primär in operativen Maßnahmen, 10 Patienten erhielten zudem eine Chemotherapie. Trotzdem kam es bei 15 Patienten wiederholt zu Lokalrezidiven. Bei der Unterteilung in primär lymphknotennegative und -positive Patienten zeigte die Kaplan-Meier-Überlebenskurve einen signifikanten Unterschied (p<0,001). Die mediane Überlebenszeit betrug 55,5 vs. 34 Monate, das 5-Jahres-Überleben 76,9 vs. 15,8%. Hinsichtlich des EGF-Rezeptors zeigten 40 von 44 (91%) Tumoren eine positive bis stark positive EGFR-Expression, sowohl im Primärtumor, als auch in den Metastasen. Zwischen EGFR-Expression und Überleben ergab sich jedoch keine Korrelation.

Schlussfolgerung

Die klinischen Daten bestätigen den prognostischen Wert des primären Lymphknotenstatus sowie den therapeutischen Wert der inguinalen/pelvinen Lymphadenektomie sowie einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie. Ebenso zeigt sich, dass eine induktive Chemotherapie nur noch wenig Aussicht auf Erfolg hat. Die EGFR-Expression ist wie bei anderen Plattenepitelkarzinomen ausgeprägt. Eine Korrelation zwischen Ausmaß der Expression und dem Überleben konnte nicht gezeigt werden.

Abstract

Introduction

Therapeutic success in metastasized squamous cell carcinoma is poor. Some entities, such as head-and-neck tumors or non-small-cell lung cancer, show an over expression of the EGF receptor. In latest studies target-specific substances against the EGF receptor have already been combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Some studies showed a clear advantage of this combination concerning remission rates as well as survival. EGF receptor status has not yet been examined in penile cancer, therefore, a retrospective analysis of the receptor status was performed in patients treated over the last 14 years and correlations with the clinical course were investigated.

Patients and methods

The analysis included 45 patients, who underwent primary or secondary treatment at the Department of Urology of the University of Essen during 1990 to 2004. Histological preparations existed for 44 patients. Using immunohistochemistry the expression of EGF receptors was determined.

Results

A total of 25 patients were primarily without positive lymph nodes (6 times cN0 and 19 times pN0), while 20 patients had pathologically proven lymph node metastases and 3 of them also had hematogeneous metastases. Out of 42 patients with follow-up 18 are still living of whom only 3 primarily had positive lymph nodes. These patients received adjuvant chemotherapy after resection. Out of the remaining 15 patients, 4 primarily N0 patients developed a lymphogenic recurrence, which was also resected and 3 patients also received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of the patients 24 died, 22 because of penile cancer. Of these 22 patients 16 primarily had positive lymph nodes and 5 of them also had an extensive primary tumor. Surgery was the treatment of choice in these cases and 10 patients also received chemotherapy. Nevertheless, 15 patients developed several recurrences. Distinguishing primarily node-negative and node-positive patients, the Kaplan-Meyer survival curves showed a significant difference (p<0.001). Median overall survival was 55.5 compared to 34 months and median 5-year survival was 76.9% compared to 15.8%. Of the tumors 40 out of 44 (91%) showed a positive or strong positive EGF receptor expression of the primary tumor as well as of the metastases. A correlation between EGF receptor expression and survival could not be shown.

Conclusion

Clinical data underline the prognostic value of the primary lymph node status as well as the therapeutic value of an ileoinguinal lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. It could also be shown that inductive chemotherapy is not very successful. EGF receptor expression was high and comparable to other squamous cell carcinomas, but there was no correlation to survival.

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Börgermann, C., Schmitz, K., Sommer, S. et al. Charakterisierung des EGF-Rezeptorstatus beim Peniskarzinom. Urologe 48, 1483–1489 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-009-2101-6

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