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Molekularbiologische Erklärungsansätze einer Lymphknotenmetastasierung

Molecular biology approach to explain lymphatic metastasis

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Zusammenfassung

Die Metastasierung von Tumorzellen solider Tumoren in die regionalen Lymphknoten ist ein wichtiger Schritt in der Progression der Erkrankung und stellt bei vielen Tumoren einen entscheidenden prognostischen Faktor dar. Während der prognostische Wert des Lymphknotenbefalls bereits früh erkannt wurde, so wurde erst durch die Zunahme der molekularen Kenntnisse der Mechanismen, die zu einer lymphogenen Tumorzellausbreitung führen, ein beginnendes Verständnis des Systems der lymphogenen Metastasierung ermöglicht. Hierbei spielen Faktoren eine Rolle, die von den Zellen des Primärtumors gebildet werden und eine Proliferation von Lymphgefäßen in den Primarius induzieren.

Die vaskulären endothelialen Wachstumsfaktoren (VEGF) wurden als Schlüsselmoleküle dieses Prozesses identifiziert. Zudem gibt es Hinweise, dass die Familie der Chemokinrezeptoren an Tumorzellen Schlüsselschritte der lymphogenen Metastasierung wie Migration, Invasion und Proliferation steuern. In jüngster Zeit entwickeln sich therapeutische Möglichkeiten der Hemmung der lymphogenen Tumorzellausbreitung durch selektive Inhibition von Wachstumsfaktorrezeptoren oder Chemokinrezeptoren.

Das zunehmende Verständnis dieser molekularen Mechanismen der lymphatischen Metastasierung wird die Entwicklung neuer diagnostischer und therapeutischer Ansätze in der Therapie von Tumorpatienten ermöglichen.

Abstract

The spread of tumor cells of solid tumors to the regional lymph nodes is an important step in the progression of the disease and also an important prognostic factor. While the significance of the prognostic value of the lymphatic progression had been detected long ago, only increased knowledge of the molecular anatomy and mechanisms involved in the lymphatic spread of tumor cells provided a beginning insight into the understanding of lymphatic metastasis. One group of important molecular factors consists of proteins produced by the tumor cells inducing a proliferation of lymphatic vessels into the primary tumor.

The vascular endothelial growth factors have been identified as key factors in this process. In addition there are hints for the fact that chemokines, which are cytokine-like proteins taking part in the regulation of processes of inflammation, and their chemokine receptors control cellular key steps of lymphatic metastasis of tumor cells such as migration, proliferation, and invasion. In conclusion new data point to the possible inhibition of lymphatic spread by selective blockade of growth factor receptors or chemokine receptors.

The growing insight into cellular understanding of the mechanisms involved in the metastasis of tumor cells into the lymphatics and lymph nodes will hopefully facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the treatment of cancer patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Essen

    F. vom Dorp & A. Eisenhardt

  2. Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum, Homburg-Saar

    B. Wullich

  3. Institut für Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen

    E. Gulbins

  4. Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 , Essen

    F. vom Dorp

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  1. F. vom Dorp
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Correspondence to F. vom Dorp.

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vom Dorp, F., Wullich, B., Gulbins, E. et al. Molekularbiologische Erklärungsansätze einer Lymphknotenmetastasierung. Urologe [A] 44, 608–613 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-005-0833-5

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