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Abdominelle lymphatische Malformationen

Abdominal lymphatic malformations. German version

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Abdominelle lymphatische Malformationen (LM) stellen relativ seltene Befunde in der Differenzialdiagnose fokaler abdomineller Läsionen dar. Dennoch sind sie gerade bei Patienten in einer jungen Altersgruppe diagnostisch eine Herausforderung. Das Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, aktuellste Informationen über die unterschiedlichen Arten der Manifestation von LM zu geben. Darüber hinaus werden die in diesem Zusammenhang auftretenden Syndrome sowie typischen Merkmale der Bildgebung behandelt.

Resultate

Klinisch treten abdominelle LM meist asymptomatisch auf. In der Bildgebung werden häufig Zufallsbefunde von dünnwandig begrenzten zystischen Raumforderungen im gesamten Abdomen auffällig. Die Flüssigkeit in den zystischen Raumforderungen kann proteinreich sein, Blut enthalten oder Zeichen der Infektion aufweisen. Die radiologische Präsentation überschneidet sich dabei häufig mit anderen zystischen Erkrankungen. Das typische Zeichen der LM ist das Fehlen von soliden Anteilen und die ausschließliche Kontrastmittelaufnahme der zystischen Wände und Septen.

Schlussfolgerung

Differenzialdiagnostisch müssen Radiologen bei zystischen abdominellen Raumforderungen v. a. bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen eine LM in Betracht ziehen. Die kürzlich neu definierten Entitäten dieses Krankheitsspektrums sind die sog. „central conducting lymphatic anomaly“ (CCLA) und die generalisierte lymphatische Anomalie (GLA).

Abstract

Background

Abdominal lymphatic malformations (LM) are relatively rare findings in the differential diagnosis of focal abdominal lesions; however, they represent a challenge especially in younger patients. The aim of this review article is to provide up-to-date information about the different kinds of LM manifestations. In addition, related syndromes and typical imaging features to facilitate the diagnosis are discussed.

Results

The clinical presentation of abdominal LM is unspecific, whereby most are asymptomatic and comprise incidental findings of thin-walled cystic masses anywhere in the abdomen. The fluid in the cystic masses may be proteinaceous, contain blood, or be infected. Radiological imaging features overlap with other cystic diseases; hallmark in LM is a lack of a solid component and exclusive enhancement of the walls and septae.

Conclusion

In cystic abdominal masses in early childhood or young adults, abdominal LM must be taken into account by the radiologist. Newly defined entities in this spectrum of diseases are central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA) and generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA).

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Correspondence to W. A. Wohlgemuth.

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Interessenkonflikt

W.A. Wohlgemuth, L.M. Dendl, R. Brill, F. Stangl, D. Stoevesandt und A.G. Schreyer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Wohlgemuth, W.A., Dendl, L.M., Brill, R. et al. Abdominelle lymphatische Malformationen. Radiologe 58, 19–24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-017-0336-6

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