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MRT-basierte tridirektionale Flussbildgebung

Aufnahme und 3D-Analyse von Strömungen in der thorakalen Aorta

MR-based tridirectional flow imaging

Acquisition and 3D analysis of flows in the thoracic aorta

  • Leitthema: Aorta
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Die tridirektionale MRT-Flussbildgebung ist ein junges Verfahren, das die etablierte Phasenkontrastflussmessung um die vektorielle Geschwindigkeitskodierung, also Kodierung in allen 3 Raumrichtungen, erweitert. Moderne Sequenzen erfassen Geschwindigkeitsvektorfelder mit räumlich hoher Auflösung von 1–3 mm und über den Herzschlag mit einer zeitlichen Auflösung von 20–50 ms. Dank Navigatortechnik kann die gesamte thorakale Aorta innerhalb von ca. 20 min in freier Atmung aufgenommen werden. Die anschließende rechnergestützte Datenaufbereitung umfasst die automatische Korrektur von Aliasingeffekten, Wirbelströmen, Gradientenfeldinhomogenitäten und Maxwell-Termen.

Die gewonnenen Geschwindigkeitsdaten werden dreidimensional als Vektorpfeile, Strom- oder Bahnlinien visualisiert. Die gleichzeitige Darstellung morphologischer Schnittebenen und der Oberfläche des Gefäßlumens in 3D unterstützt die räumliche und anatomische Orientierung. Weiterhin lassen sich quantitative Größen wie Blutflussvolumen und -geschwindigkeit, Wirbelstärke oder Gefäßwandschubspannung bestimmen.

Moderne Softwaresysteme unterstützen die integrierte flussbasierte Analyse typischer aortaler Pathologien, wie Aneurysmen und Aorteninsuffizienz. Inwieweit die zusätzlichen Informationen besseren Therapieentscheidungen dienlich sind, müssen klinische Studien zeigen.

Abstract

Tridirectional MR flow imaging is a novel method that extends the well-established technique of phase-contrast flow measurement by vectorial velocity encoding, i.e., by encoding in all three spatial directions. Modern sequence protocols allow the acquisition of velocity vector fields with high spatial resolutions of 1–3 mm and temporal resolutions of 20–50 ms over the heart cycle. Using navigating techniques, data on the entire thoracic aorta can be acquired within about 20 min in free breathing. The subsequent computer-based data processing includes automatic correction of aliasing effects, eddy currents, gradient field inhomogeneities, and Maxwell terms.

The data can be visualized in three dimensions using vector arrows, streamlines, or particle traces. The parallel visualization of morphological slices and of the surface of the vascular lumen in 3D enhances spatial and anatomical orientation. Furthermore, quantitative values such as blood flow velocity and volume, vorticity, and vessel wall shear stress can be determined.

Modern software systems support the integrated flow-based analysis of typical aortic pathologies such as aneurysms and aortic insufficiency. To what extent this additional information will help us in making better therapeutic decisions needs to be studied in clinical trials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Technische Informatik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Haid-und-Neu-Str. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Deutschland

    R. Unterhinninghofen

  2. Abteilung Radiologie (E010), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    R. Unterhinninghofen & S. Ley

  3. Pädiatrische Radiologie , Universitätskinderklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    S. Ley

  4. Abteilung Röntgendiagnostik, Medizin Physik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland

    A. Frydrychowicz & M. Markl

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  1. R. Unterhinninghofen
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  2. S. Ley
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  3. A. Frydrychowicz
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  4. M. Markl
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Correspondence to R. Unterhinninghofen.

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Unterhinninghofen, R., Ley, S., Frydrychowicz, A. et al. MRT-basierte tridirektionale Flussbildgebung. Radiologe 47, 1012–1020 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-007-1577-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-007-1577-6

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