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Magnetresonanztomographie

Sequenzakronyme und weitere Kürzel in der MR-Bildgebung

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Zusammenfassung

Die magnetresonanztomographische Bildgebung (MRI) gewinnt in der klinischen Routine zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Vielfalt der gewebespezifisch bildkontrastbestimmenden Parameter spiegelt sich wider in der Vielzahl der MR-Bildgebungssequenzen. Diese können unterteilt werden in Gradientenecho- und Spinechosequenzen. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen ist eine weitere Unterteilung möglich in Einfachecho-, Multiecho- und Single-Shot-Techniken. Jede dieser Gruppen ist mit einem Präparationsschema für die longitudinale Magnetisierung kombinierbar. Innerhalb der Gruppen gibt es wiederum Hybridtechniken, die sowohl Gradientenechos als auch Spinechos verwenden. Universitäre Einrichtungen und Hersteller haben für die gleichen Sequenztechniken oft unterschiedliche Namen und Abkürzungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die verschiedenen Abkürzungen schematisch eingeordnet, das Grundprinzip der Datenakquisition erläutert und Hinweise auf potenzielle klinische Anwendungen gegeben. Neben den sequenzspezifischen Akronymen haben sich in letzter Zeit neue Abkürzungen im Zusammenhang mit "parallelen" Akquisitionsschemata ergeben. Unter parallelen Akquisitionstechniken versteht man die Verwendung mehrerer Oberflächenspulen und deren lokale Empfindlichkeit sowie die Verwertung dieser zusätzlichen Rauminformation, um die Messzeit zu verkürzen.

Abstract

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in clinical routine is still increasing. The large number of possible MR acquisition schemes reflects the variety of tissue-dependent parameters that may influence the contrast within the image. Those schemes can be categorized into gradient echo and spin echo techniques. Within these groups, further sorting can be done to differentiate between single-echo, multi-echo, and single-shot techniques. Each of these techniques can be combined with preparation schemes for modifying the longitudinal magnetization. Hybrids are found between the groups, which are those techniques that utilize spin echoes as well as gradient echoes. Academic groups as well as vendors often have different sequence acronyms for the same acquisition scheme. This contribution will sort these sequence acronyms into the previously mentioned scheme. The basic principle of the data acquisition is elaborated on and hints are given for potential clinical applications. Besides the sequence-specific acronyms, new abbreviations have surfaced recently in conjunction with "parallel acquisition techniques." The latter means the utilization of multiple surface coils where the position and the sensitivity profile of the coils provide additional spatial information, allowing the application of reduced matrixes leading to a shorter measurement time.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Siemens AG, Medical Solutions, Erlangen

    W. R. Nitz

  2. Siemens AG, Medical Solutions Geschäftsbereich, Magnetresonanztomographie, MR-Applikationsentwicklung, 91052 , Erlangen

    W. R. Nitz

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Dr. Wolfgang R. Nitz ist Mitarbeiter der Siemens AG, Medical Solutions, Erlangen, MR-Applikationsentwicklung.

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Nitz, W.R. Magnetresonanztomographie. Radiologe 43, 745–766 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-003-0946-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-003-0946-z

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